{UTF-8} Trader's Expected Price= INTEG ( Changes to Energy Price, 125.59) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ The energy price is expected to adjust according to the indicated price \ and past price in a Hill climbing optimization structure (Sterman, 2000, \ p. 537). Initial value obtained from database in \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Publications/se\ s/2018/energy-prices/index.html, where the Average Monthly Uniform \ Singapore Energy Price for Jan 2010. | Bid Price[Generator]= Effected Price for Each Technology[Generator]+Max(0,MIN(Value of Lost Load,Trader's Expected Price\ -Effected Price for Each Technology [Generator])-Distribution Cost) ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ Bid price you can expect to get. | Estimated Energy Price= Market Clearing Price+Distribution Cost ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ | Amount Supplied[Generator]= SUPPLY AT PRICE(Technologically Available Electricity[Generator], Supply Curve[Generator\ ,ptype],Estimated Energy Price) ~ MW*h/Year ~ Amount of electricity supplied by each generator based on market clearing \ mechanisms. | Amount Demanded= DEMAND AT PRICE( "Input Demand (Subscripted)"[Total Demand] , Demand Curve[Total Demand\ ,ptype] , -Estimated Energy Price) ~ MW*h/Year ~ | Reference Energy Price= SMOOTH( Energy Price , Year Unit Normalize ) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Smoothed value of past 1 year of energy price data. | "Future Market Energy Price (FMEP)"= FORECAST(Reference Energy Price , Energy Price Lookback Period , Energy Price Forward Period\ ) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Modelled similarly to Vogstad 2004, eq. 7.6. Forecasted energy price with \ using 2 years of past data and 3 years of time horizon forward. | Total Amount Supplied= SUM(Amount Supplied[Generator!]) ~ MW*h/Year ~ | Energy Price= Estimated Energy Price ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ The energy price is expected to change according to the its past values \ and also dependent on the effects of the demand supply ratio and LCOE. \ Modelled based on Sterman 2000, Chapter 20.2.6 The Price-Setting Process. | Actual GHG Emissions= SUM(Amount Supplied[Generator!]*Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Generator!\ ])/ kW to MW+SUM(GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Other GHG Sources!])+GHG Emissions from Transport ~ CO2*g/Year ~ ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Extra Value for Waste to Energy= 26 ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ Estimated benefit from ash and heavy metal sale. | Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Local Natural Gas Fired]= Expected Fuel Price[Local Natural Gas Fired]*Heat Rate[Local Natural Gas Fired]*MBtu to Btu\ +Expected Carbon Tax[Local Natural Gas Fired ] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Local Waste to Energy]= Expected Fuel Price[Local Waste to Energy]*Heat Rate[Local Waste to Energy]*MBtu to Btu\ +Expected Carbon Tax[Local Waste to Energy ]-Extra Value for Waste to Energy*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Local Solar PV]= 0+Expected Carbon Tax[Local Solar PV] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 0+Expected Carbon Tax[Overseas Onshore Wind] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Overseas Hydro]= 0+Expected Carbon Tax[Overseas Hydro] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Overseas Geothermal]= 0+Expected Carbon Tax[Overseas Geothermal] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Overseas Solar PV]= 0+Expected Carbon Tax[Overseas Solar PV] ~~| Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Overseas Nuclear]= Expected Fuel Price[Overseas Nuclear]*Heat Rate[Overseas Nuclear]*MBtu to Btu+Expected Carbon Tax\ [Overseas Nuclear] ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Fuel cost for natural gas incorporates data from fuel price forecast while fuel cost \ for other is basically the full carbon tax for the corresponding \ technology. Fuel Cost for waste to energy subtracted with expected benefit cost as \ listed in: \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf | Safety Margin= 0.05 ~ Dmnl ~ Estimated margins that would be used by all generator to determine bid \ price after cosidering other factors. | Distribution Cost= 40*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ Estimated at approximately 4USD/MWh based on limited past data reported. https://www.slideshare.net/jassu9/singapore-energy-scenerio https://www.spgroup.com.sg/what-we-do/billing | Value of Lost Load= 5000 ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ Estimated VOLL for Singapore as reported by the Energy Market Company in \ Singapore. https://www.emcsg.com/f1027,70943/CP38_Review_of_VoLL_60RCP_.pdf | Representative LCOE[Generator]= SMOOTH(LCOE[Generator],1) ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ Capacities that are not providing for the grid should not be driving electricity \ prices. The IF_THEN_ELSE is used to ignore values of the overseas \ generators in the early years where they are not generating. IF THEN ELSE(Electricity Generated by Source[Generator] = 0, -:NA:, \ LCOE[Generator]) | Technologically Available Electricity[Local Generator]= "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Generator] ~~| Technologically Available Electricity[Overseas Generator]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator] ~ MW*h/Year ~ Combined variable of technical availability. | Supply Curve pPriority[Generator]= Bid Price[Generator]/Unit Price ~ Dmnl ~ pPriority depended on the effected price for each technology, where \ eventually it will form the order to be used, with the lowest LCOE item be \ used first. | Market Clearing Price= Market Clearing Priority*Unit Price ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Market clearing time at each point in time. | Supply Curve[Generator,ptype]= Supply Curve pType ~~| Supply Curve[Generator, ppriority]= Supply Curve pPriority[Generator] ~~| Supply Curve[Generator,pwidth]= Supply Curve pWidth ~~| Supply Curve[Generator,pextra]= Supply Curve pExtra ~ Dmnl ~ full supply curve for each technology. | Unit Price= 1 ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Unit price to normalize unit values to Dmnl, if required. | Market Clearing Priority= FIND MARKET PRICE( "Input Demand (Subscripted)"[Total Demand] , Demand Curve[Total Demand\ ,ptype] , Technologically Available Electricity[Local Natural Gas Fired] , Supply Curve\ [Local Natural Gas Fired,ptype] ) ~ Dmnl ~ Marketing clearing mechanism in which the lowest effected LCOE technology \ get used first and the final technology to clear demand sets the market \ clearing price. | Supply Curve pWidth= 1e-06 ~ Dmnl ~ supply curve width of the different generating technologies. Set to a \ small amount to lower overlaps as we are expecting no variations of cost \ between each technology. | Supply Curve pType= 1 ~ Dmnl ~ supply curve type of the different generating technologies. 1: Rectangular | Supply Curve pExtra= 1 ~ Dmnl ~ supply curve extra subscript, set at 0 as it is not ignored in a \ rectangular ptype. | Effected Price for Each Technology[Generator]= ACTIVE INITIAL ( Trader's Expected Price*"Effect of Short Term Demand-Supply Balance on Price"*Effect of LCOE on Price\ [Generator], 125.59) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Price that makes sense for each technology considering the effects of \ demand-supply and the effect of LCOE. | Demand for Market Clearing: Total Demand ~ Dmnl ~ Used to subscript Input Demand for FIND MARKET PRICE feature. | pprofile: ptype, ppriority, pwidth, pextra ~ Dmnl ~ allocation curve profile subscript range. | "Input Demand (Subscripted)"[Demand for Market Clearing]= Input Demand*kW to MW ~ MW*h/Year ~ Input demand is converted to a subscripted version and converted to a \ MWh/Year format. | Demand Curve[Demand for Market Clearing,pprofile]= 1,0.1,0.001,0 ~ Dmnl ~ Demand Curve of input demand. Type use: Rectangular as electricity demand \ is assumed to be inelastic. | Year Unit Normalize= 1 ~ Year ~ Year unit used to normalize some of the time related functions when \ required. | Investment Attractiveness of Sources[Generator]= Effect of Generation Profit[Generator]*Remaining Resource Ratio[Generator] ~ Dmnl ~ Combined multiplicative effect of resource availability with the effect of \ generator profit. In the event that there is no resource availble, then \ there is no investmen attractiveness for that resource. | Remaining Resource Ratio[Local Generator]= Max(0,SMOOTH((Resource Limits[Local Generator]-Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator\ ]-Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion [Local Generator])/Resource Limits[Local Generator], Year Unit Normalize)) ~~| Remaining Resource Ratio[Overseas Generator]= Max(0,SMOOTH(ZIDZ((Resource Limits[Overseas Generator]-Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator\ ]-Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Generator]),Resource Limits\ [Overseas Generator]),Year Unit Normalize)) ~ Dmnl ~ Estimated remaining resources expressed as a ratio and smoothed as a first \ order delay. | Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure= IF THEN ELSE(Time < 2020, 0.005, Future Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure\ ) ~ Dmnl/Year ~ Estimated spending between 2010 to 2017 was 0.5%, as reported in the \ Global Infrastructure Outlook \ (https://outlook.gihub.org/countries/Singapore) reported an estimated 0.5% \ of GDP from 2010 to 2017. | Cumulative Expenditure= INTEG ( Total Spent Per Year/Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate, 0) ~ USD ~ Total investment for electricity infrastructure in 2010 dollars. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Annual Investment in Electricity Infrastructure= Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure*GDP ~ USD/Year ~ Actual amount used per year for energy infrastructure investments. | Effect of CSN on CTR= Table for CSN on CTR(Change in CSN*Year Unit Normalize)*(1+Carbon Tax Adjustment after Implementation\ ) ~ Dmnl ~ The output effect of the normalized value of the cumulative social needs \ on the carbon tax rate. | Carbon Tax Adjustment after Implementation= IF THEN ELSE(Time > 2023, Additional Carbon Tax Adjustment Rate, 0) ~ Dmnl ~ Carbon tax will be introduced in 2019 and the revision to its rate might \ come only after a few years. This setup reflects that and estimates that \ the first revision might only be implemented in 2025. | Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Generator]= IF THEN ELSE(Remaining Resource Ratio[Overseas Generator] = 0, 0, (Expected Overseas Order Capacity\ [Overseas Generator ]+"Investment Tied Order Rate (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator]/2)) ~ MW/Year ~ Limited to a physical constraint where orders can only occur when physical \ estimated capacity is available. Order rate to put through is based on the \ average between what is expected from the stock management structure and \ the investment based input. | "Local Order Rate (LOR)"[Local Generator]= IF THEN ELSE(Remaining Resource Ratio[Local Generator]=0, 0, ("Investment Based Expected Order Rate (Local)"\ [Local Generator ]+Max(0,Indicated Local Order Capacity[Local Generator])/2)) ~ MW/Year ~ Order rate of overseas capacities. Limited to a physical constraint where \ orders can only occur when physical estimated capacity is available. Order \ rate to put through is based on the max between what is expected from the \ stock management structure and the investment based input. | Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate= (1+Inflation Rate)^((Time-Ref Year for Inflation Normalization)/Year Unit Normalize) ~ Dmnl ~ Yearly inflation adjustment rate for future projections to adjust for \ inflation for better comparison against GDP growth. | Total Local Spent Each Year[Local Generator]= Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Local Generator]*"Local Order Rate (LOR)"[Local Generator\ ]*Year Unit Normalize ~ USD/Year ~ Amount of money spent each year on local generating capabilities. | Effect of CSN on RARI= Table for CSN on RARI(Change in CSN*Year Unit Normalize) ~ Dmnl ~ The output effect of the normalized value of the cumulative social needs \ on the the renewable energy project approval rate. | "Investment Based Expected Order Rate (Local)"[Local Generator]= Local Change in Investment[Local Generator]/("Investment Cost (Local)"[Local Generator\ ]*Year Unit Normalize) ~ MW/Year ~ Expected investment rate for each overseas capacity after allocation. | Target GHG Emissions= USD Adjusted Singapore UN NDC Target*GDP/Year Unit Normalize ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Estimated GHG emissions target based on Singapore to UN NDC. 0.113 \ kgCO2e/S$(2010 dollars) by 2030. Target here is set according to GDP \ levels so it is not a straight line but you get a shifting target as the \ year progresses. | Total Spent Per Year= SUM(Total Local Spent Each Year[Local Generator!])+SUM(Total Spent Overseas Each Year\ [Overseas Generator!]) ~ USD/Year ~ Total amount of spent each year for generating capabilities. | Change in GDP= GDP*GDP Growth Rate ~ USD/Year ~ Estimated annual growth in Singapore GDP in 2010's USD. | Capital Recovery Factor[Generator]= (Weight Average Cost of Capital*(1+Weight Average Cost of Capital)^(Capacity Average Lifetime\ [Generator]/Year Unit Normalize ))/(((1+Weight Average Cost of Capital)^(Capacity Average Lifetime[Generator]/Year Unit Normalize\ ))-1) ~ Dmnl ~ The capital recovery factor is a ratio used to calculate the present value \ of an annuity (a series of equal annual cash flows). Formula based on \ equation listed in HOMER documentation. \ https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/capital_recovery_facto\ r.html and also in \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf | "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Local Natural Gas Fired]= IF THEN ELSE(Time > 2018.9, RANDOM PINK NOISE(Fuel at Last Database Time, Fuel at Last Database Time\ *0.2, Year Unit Normalize, 1234)*Yearly Fuel Increase Adjustment Rate,Fuel Price Database\ [Local Natural Gas Fired]) ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Local Solar PV]= Fuel Price Database[Local Solar PV]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Local Waste to Energy]= Fuel Price Database[Local Waste to Energy]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Overseas Geothermal]= Fuel Price Database[Overseas Geothermal]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Overseas Hydro]= Fuel Price Database[Overseas Hydro]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Overseas Onshore Wind]= Fuel Price Database[Overseas Onshore Wind]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Overseas Solar PV]= Fuel Price Database[Overseas Solar PV]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~~| "Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Overseas Nuclear]= Max(Fuel Price Database[Overseas Nuclear]*Yearly Fuel Increase Adjustment Rate*RANDOM PINK NOISE\ (Fuel Price Database[Overseas Nuclear ], Fuel Price Database[Overseas Nuclear]*0.2, Year Unit Normalize, 1234),0) ~ USD/MBtu ~ Only natural gas and nuclear have fuel price. Other systems do not have fuel price. Fuel price is adjusted with yearly inflationary increase and pink noise with 20% \ value as standard deviation. Natural gas and nuclear yearly increased adjusted according to scenario \ projected by EIA, while waste to energy is projected based on inflation \ adjustment. | Effect of CSN on BII[Generator]= Table for CSN on BII[Generator](Change in CSN*Year Unit Normalize) ~ Dmnl ~ Output effect of normalized cumulative social need on investment rate. | Increase in GHG from Other Sources[Industry GHG]= GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Industry GHG]*GDP Growth Rate*(1-Effected GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources\ ) ~~| Increase in GHG from Other Sources[Commercial GHG]= GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Commercial GHG]*GDP Growth Rate*(1-Effected GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources\ ) ~~| Increase in GHG from Other Sources[Residential GHG]= GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Residential GHG]*GDP Growth Rate*(1-Effected GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources\ ) ~ CO2*g/(Year*Year) ~ Expected yearly change in GHG estimated. Industry, Commercial, and \ Residential growth rate estimated at GDP growth rate while transport \ growth rate assumed at 0.6% per year (Nian 2015) as vehicle growth in the \ highly urbanized Singapore does not growth that fast due to the high cost \ of ownership. | Change in Investment[Generator]= Max(0, Investment in Each Technology[Generator]) ~ USD/Year ~ Annual investment growth for each source. It is a function of two main \ components: The annual investment in whole electricity sector is allocated \ to different sources based on the investment attractiveness of each. | "Investment Tied Order Rate (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator]= Overseas Change in Investment[Overseas Generator]/("Investment Cost (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator\ ]*Year Unit Normalize ) ~ MW/Year ~ Expected investment rate for each overseas capacity after allocation. | Total Spent Overseas Each Year[Overseas Generator]= Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Generator]*Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Generator\ ]*Year Unit Normalize ~ USD/Year ~ Amount of money spent each year on overseas capabilities. | Overseas Change in Investment[Overseas Generator]= Change in Investment[Overseas Generator] ~ USD/Year ~ Subrange of change in investment, representing only the local capacities. | Yearly Fuel Increase Adjustment Rate= (1+EIA AEO Forecast Rate)^((Time-Ref Year for EIA AEO Forecast)/Year Unit Normalize) ~ Dmnl ~ Final adjustment rate to be applied for fuel price estimate. | Relative Energy Price to GDP= Energy Price*Input Demand*kW to MW*Year Unit Normalize/GDP*100 ~ Dmnl ~ Proportion of energy price compared to GDP. Used as a proxy to show how \ costly energy prices are getting relative to the GDP. Expressed as a \ number signifying the percentage from 0 to 100 and not as a fraction from \ 0 to 1. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Local Change in Investment[Local Generator]= Change in Investment[Local Generator] ~ USD/Year ~ Subrange of change in investment, representing only the local capacities. | Actual Proportion Overseas= Total Overseas Waiting and Installed Capacities/Total Waiting and Installed Capacities ~ Dmnl ~ Proportion of electricity generated by overseas generation capacities. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Expected Overseas Order Capacity[Overseas Generator]= IF THEN ELSE(Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas>0, Max(0,Indicated Overseas Order Capacity\ [Overseas Generator]) , 0 ) ~ MW/Year ~ The order rate for new overseas capacities. It is equal to Indicated \ Overseas Order Capacity it must be a non-negative value. | Desired Overseas Generating Proportions[Overseas Geothermal]= (1-"Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion")/3 ~~| Desired Overseas Generating Proportions[Overseas Hydro]= (1-"Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion")/3 ~~| Desired Overseas Generating Proportions[Overseas Onshore Wind]= "Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion"/2 ~~| Desired Overseas Generating Proportions[Overseas Solar PV]= "Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion"/2 ~~| Desired Overseas Generating Proportions[Overseas Nuclear]= (1-"Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion")/3 ~ Dmnl ~ Total must sum to 1. Desired proportion of overseas generating capabilities. Under \ the assumption that 80% of energy needs should be fulfilled by baseload \ capabilities. Order: Overseas Geothermal,Overseas Hydro,Overseas Onshore Wind,Overseas \ Solar PV,Overseas Nuclear | Base Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time= 1 ~ Year ~ This is the expected approval lag that the Singapore government has \ estimated. This does not include the time taken for construction, which is \ expected seperately. Data is estimated from the public consultation paper \ that the Energy Market Authority of Singapore has published. \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Determination_Paper_%20Preparing_for_Future\ _Power_Generation_Investments_Final_29_Jul.pdf. Data stated 36 weeks from \ the start of investor's request to invest to the actual local site \ approval. Potential investors from the public consultation then replied \ that they expect the timeline to be closer to a year. | GHG Target Meeting= IF THEN ELSE(Current GHG Emissions-Target GHG Emissions> 0,Current GHG Emissions-Target GHG Emissions\ , 0) ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Difference between actual emitted and target levels. Useful for tracking \ time in which target is met. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Total Waiting and Installed Capacities= Total Local Waiting and Installed Capacities+Total Overseas Waiting and Installed Capacities ~ MW ~ Total installed and waiting capacities. | Desired Local Generating Proportions[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 1-Desired Local Generating Proportions[Local Solar PV]-Desired Local Generating Proportions\ [Local Waste to Energy] ~~| Desired Local Generating Proportions[Local Solar PV]= 0.01+RAMP(0.19/40 , 2010 , 2050) ~~| Desired Local Generating Proportions[Local Waste to Energy]= 0.02 ~ Dmnl ~ Total must sum to 1. Desired proportion of local generating capabilities. \ Baseload technology for local refers solely to Natural Gas fired. | "Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion"= 0.2 ~ Dmnl [0,0.5] ~ Estimated target proportion of non-baseload class (solar and wind) that states (Sri \ Lanka and Taiwan) set as benchmark for the energy diversity. Taiwan: \ https://www.power-technology.com/features/taiwan-pursuing-new-green-energy-\ revolution-east/ Sri Lanka: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Sri-Lanka-Energy | EIA AEO Forecast Rate= 0.015 ~ Dmnl [0.004,0.032] ~ EIA reported five scenarios in their Annual Energy Outlook 2019. High Natural Gas Extraction: 0.4% Reference case: 1.5%. Low Natural Gas Extraction: \ 3.2%. Data extracted from: \ https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/data/browser/#/?id=13-AEO2019®ion=0-0&c\ ases=ref2019 highprice lowprice highrt \ lowrt&start=2017&end=2050&f=A&linechart= \ ref2019-d111618a.31-13-AEO2019 highprice-d111618a.31-13-AEO2019 \ lowprice-d111618a.31-13-AEO2019 highrt-d111618a.31-13-AEO2019 \ lowrt-d111618a.31-13-AEO2019&sourcekey=0 | Ref Year for EIA AEO Forecast= 2018 ~ Year ~ Data in EIA AEO 2019 reported in 2018 values. This is used to reference \ the fuel price growth rate. | GDP Growth Rate= 0.034 ~ Dmnl/Year ~ Estimated GDP growth rate based on data used from 2000 to 2018. Median value of \ inflation adjusted GDP YoY growth rate used. Data obtained from the \ Department of Statistics, Singapore. GDP: \ https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.actio\ n?refId=16059 Inflation: \ https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.actio\ n?refId=12008 | GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources= 0 ~ Dmnl [0,1] ~ GHG emissions curtailment from non-electricity related initiatives (i.e. \ no flaring at petrochemical plants, CCS installations) etc. Estimated to \ go up to 10%. | Effected GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources= IF THEN ELSE(Time > 2020, GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources, 0) ~ Dmnl [0,0.2] ~ GHG emissions curtailment from non-electricity related initiatives (i.e. \ no flaring at petrochemical plants, CCS installations) etc. Estimated to \ go up to 10%. | Fuel at Last Database Time= 4.4 ~ USD/MBtu ~ Last reported price for natural gas used in model. | Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Generator]= Overnight Investment Cost[Generator]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ This is the investment cost of technology for each source throughout the \ years in the value of money at that specific year. It follows the general \ formula of present value and future value, where overnight investment cost \ was reported 2010 USD dollars is adjusted according to the time periods \ forwards to the corresponding year Future Value: \ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/futurevalue.asp | "Time Adjusted Variable O&M Cost"[Generator]= "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Generator]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Time adjusted data to reflect a time-realistic variable cost for \ projection purposes. | Weight Average Cost of Capital= 0.05 ~ Dmnl ~ Assumed at 5% as used in \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf | "Time Adjusted Fixed O&M Cost"[Generator]= "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Generator]*Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ Time adjusted fixed O&M cost to reflect a realistic view relative to \ projection forward where we expect costs to rise according as time \ progresses. | "Proportion of Wind & Solar Produced"= (Electricity Generated by Type[Solar PV]+Electricity Generated by Type[Onshore Wind]\ )/Total Supply ~ Dmnl ~ Actual amount of electricity produced from solar and wind. | Expected Fuel Price[Generator]= FORECAST("Fuel Price (with Noise)"[Generator], Fuel Price Lookback Period , Fuel Price Forward Period\ ) ~ USD/MBtu ~ This uses a simple trend extrapolation forecast of the future value of \ Fuel Price based on past 12 months time and in next 6 months time horizon. | Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Local Natural Gas Fired]= INTEG ( "Local Order Rate (LOR)"[Local Natural Gas Fired]-Local Construction Completion[Local Natural Gas Fired\ ], (Local Installed Capacity[Local Natural Gas Fired]*Population Growth Rate+Local Installed Capacity\ [Local Natural Gas Fired ]/Capacity Average Lifetime[Local Natural Gas Fired])*(EXP(Population Growth Rate*(\ Local Acquisition Lag+Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time ))-1)/Population Growth Rate) ~~| Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Local Waste to Energy]= INTEG ( "Local Order Rate (LOR)"[Local Waste to Energy]-Local Construction Completion[Local Waste to Energy\ ], 0) ~~| Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Local Solar PV]= INTEG ( "Local Order Rate (LOR)"[Local Solar PV]-Local Construction Completion[Local Solar PV\ ], 0) ~ MW ~ This is the stock of generation capacities which is under constuction and \ has not been operationalised yet. Initial Value modelled based on writeup \ explained in footnote 5, pg. 424 (Chapter 11.2.6) of Sterman 2000. | Desired Local Capacity[Local Generator]= Desired Total Capacity Required*(1-Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas)*Desired Local Generating Proportions\ [Local Generator] ~ MW ~ This is the desired local capacity each year which is based on the targets \ set forth for each generator type in each year. | Desired Total Capacity Required= Short Term Peak Demand Forecast*Reserve Capacity Requirements/(1-"Proportion of Wind & Solar Produced"\ ) ~ MW ~ Desired Capacity developed based on the peak demand and reserve capacity \ requirements, adjusted for the weighted average of the capacity factors, \ considering that more capacity is required from low capacity systems. | Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Generator]= Desired Total Capacity Required*Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas*Desired Overseas Generating Proportions\ [Overseas Generator] ~ MW ~ This is the desired overseas capacity each year which is based on the \ targets set forth for each generator type in each year. | Adjustment for Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator]= (Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Generator]-Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator\ ])/Perception Delay for Capacity Adjustment ~ MW/Year ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-15). Represents the net adjustment that will be applied to the \ indicated overseas order capacity. | Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Local Natural Gas Fired]= Desired Local Capacity[Local Natural Gas Fired]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost\ [Local Natural Gas Fired] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Local Solar PV]= Desired Local Capacity[Local Solar PV]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Local Solar PV\ ] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Local Waste to Energy]= Desired Local Capacity[Local Waste to Energy]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost\ [Local Waste to Energy] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Overseas Geothermal]= Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Geothermal]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost\ [Overseas Geothermal] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Overseas Hydro]= Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Hydro]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Hydro\ ] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Overseas Onshore Wind]= Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Onshore Wind]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost\ [Overseas Onshore Wind] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Overseas Solar PV]= Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Solar PV]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost\ [Overseas Solar PV] ~~| Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Overseas Nuclear]= Desired Overseas Capacity[Overseas Nuclear]*Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[\ Overseas Nuclear] ~ USD/Year ~ Annual investment needs of the various technologies. | Investment Demand Priority[Generator]= IF THEN ELSE( Time > 2020, 10*Investment Attractiveness of Sources[Generator]*"Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)"\ [Generator], 10*Investment Attractiveness of Sources[Generator] ) ~ Dmnl [0,?] ~ Relative priority of different investment choice. | Investment in Each Technology[Generator]= ALLOCATE BY PRIORITY(Desired Capacity Technology Cost[Generator], Investment Demand Priority\ [Generator] , ELMCOUNT(Generator) , 1 , Annual Investment in Electricity Infrastructure\ ) ~ USD/Year ~ Allocation of the GDP for infrastructure investment into the various \ technologies, based on the investment priority. | Total Local Installed Capacities= SUM( Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator!] ) ~ MW ~ Total installed capacities available. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Average Instantaneous Capacity= Total Supply/Hours per Year ~ MW ~ Shows average instantaneous capacity available for comparison against peak \ demand requirements. | Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio= SMOOTH(Short Term Peak Demand Forecast/Average Instantaneous Capacity,Demand Supply Perception Time\ ) ~ Dmnl [0,2] ~ Ratio between short term Peak Demand to adjusted instantaneous available \ capcity, which factors in capacity factors already. | "Effect of Short Term Demand-Supply Balance on Price"= (Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio/Reference Demand Capacity Ratio)^"Sensitivity of Price to Demand-Supply Balance" ~ Dmnl ~ The Demand-Supply Balance is converted to a ratio with a reference \ Demand-Supply Balance to normalize the value. It is then raised to the \ sensitivity factor. This formula is based on the Equation 20-47 in Sterman \ 2000, where the effect of Demand-Supply Ratio is likened to inventory \ coverage and what was used in Moallemi et. al. 2017. | Effect of LCOE on Price[Generator]= IF THEN ELSE(Representative LCOE[Generator] = :NA:, 0, 1+Sensitivity of Price to LCOE\ *(Representative LCOE[Generator]/Trader's Expected Price-1)) ~ Dmnl ~ The effect of LCOE is built based on equation 20-50 in Sterman 2000. The \ IF_THEN_ELSE is used to ignore values of the overseas generators in the \ early years where they are not generating. | Expected Variable Costs[Generator]= ("Time Adjusted Fixed O&M Cost"[Generator])/(Hours per Year*Capacity Factor[Generator\ ])+"Time Adjusted Variable O&M Cost"[Generator]+Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Generator] ~ USD/(h*MW) ~ The expected variable cost that will thus form the minimum market price. \ Built on the unerstanding from Eqn. 20-44 and 20-45 in Sterman 2000. | Indicated Price= Max( Energy Price, VMIN(Expected Variable Costs[Generator!] ) ) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ The indicated price for each technology is different. However, the market \ price should be based on the technology that is best able to provide \ energy at the lowest price. | Electricity Generated by Source[Local Generator]= "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Generator]*Capacity Utilisation[Local Generator\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Source[Overseas Generator]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Generator\ ] ~ h*MW/Year ~ Net electricity generated by each source type. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Demand Supply Perception Time= 2 ~ Year ~ Time period for perceiving demand-supply balance and imbalance, based on \ the notion of forward planning where the government keeps track of how \ much capacity is built for generation within the next few years etc. | Reference Demand Capacity Ratio= 1/Reserve Capacity Requirements ~ Dmnl ~ Converts minimum excess supply requirement into a Demand: excess supply \ ratio. | Incentive to Generate[Generator]= Energy Price/LCOE[Generator] ~ Dmnl ~ This is the ratio between the current energy price and the LCOE. This \ represents potential profitability ratio for the generator companies. \ Values less than 1 signify that the generators are losing money if operate \ while values greater than 1 signify that there is profitability incentive \ for generators to produce electricity. This approach is based on the \ approach suggested in Kubli 2014. | Public Transport Demand Growth 2030 Onwards( [(0,0)-(1,800000)],(0,0),(1,750000)) ~ h*kW/(Year*Year) ~ Demand growth from the public transport sector as estimated in Nian 2015. \ Values expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a yearly value here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | Building Demand Saving Rates 2030 Onwards( [(0,-0.002)-(1,-0.001)],(0,-0.00156958),(1,-0.00173277)) ~ Dmnl [-0.173277,-0.156958] ~ Demand savings from the building sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | "Proportion of Light-Duty Vehicles"= 0.65 ~ Dmnl ~ Average proportion of vehicles that are light-duty vehicles, according to \ data provided by the Land Transport Authority of Singapore. | Average Vehicle Pollution Rate= 0.007309*1e+09 ~ CO2*g/(Vehicle*Year) ~ Average (2010, 2012, 2014's data) amount of pollution based on total number of \ vehicles and total reported CO2 pollution by the transport sector in \ Singapore. CO2 data: \ https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/singap\ ore's-fourth-national-communication-and-third-biennial-update-repo.pdf Vehicle numbers: \ https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/F\ actsandFigures/MVP01-1_MVP_by_type.pdf | Demand After Changes[Industry]= IF THEN ELSE(Time < 2030, Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Industry]*(1+Industry Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030\ (Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives)),Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Industry\ ]*(1+Industry Demand Savings Rate 2030 onwards(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives\ ))) ~~| Demand After Changes[Transport]= Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Transport]+Transport Sector Electricity Demand Growth\ ~~| Demand After Changes[Buildings]= IF THEN ELSE(Time < 2030, Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Buildings]*(1+Building Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030\ (Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives)),Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Buildings\ ]*(1+Building Demand Saving Rates 2030 Onwards(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives\ ))) ~~| Demand After Changes[Household]= IF THEN ELSE(Time < 2030, Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Household]*(1+Household Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030\ (Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives)),Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Household\ ]*(1+Household Demand Savings Rate 2030 Onwards(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives\ ))) ~~| Demand After Changes[Others]= Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Others] ~ kW*h/Year ~ This is the proportion of savings expected from the energy efficiency \ initiatives. | Annual Change in Public Transport Demand= IF THEN ELSE(Time<2030,Public Transport Demand Growth 2010 to 2030(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives\ ),Public Transport Demand Growth 2030 Onwards(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives\ )) ~ h*kW/(Year*Year) ~ Annual change in public transport electricity demand as estimated in Nian \ 2015. This equation considers the level of energy efficiency initiatives \ from a BAU scenario to an optimistic scenario. | Public Transport Demand Growth 2010 to 2030( [(0,8.7e+07)-(1,8.8e+07)],(0,8.7e+07),(1,8.74e+07)) ~ h*kW/(Year*Year) ~ Demand growth from the public transport sector as estimated in Nian 2015. \ Values expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a yearly value here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | Current GHG Emissions= SUM(Electricity Generated by Type[Energy Source Type!]*Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources\ [Energy Source Type!])/ kW to MW+SUM(GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Other GHG Sources!])+GHG Emissions from Transport ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Total GHG emissions from all production. | Total Vehicles= INTEG ( Annual Increase in Vehicles, "Initial (2010) Number of Vehicles") ~ Vehicle ~ Total number of motor vehicles in Singapore. | Average Demand Per EV= 4000 ~ kW*h/(Year*Vehicle) ~ Estimated average electricity need of an electric vehicle in Singapore. | Building Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030( [(0,-0.007)-(1,-0)],(0,-0.0015218),(1,-0.00637129)) ~ Dmnl [-0.637129,-0.15218] ~ Demand savings from the building sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | GHG Emissions from Transport= "Non-Electric Vehicles"*Average Vehicle Pollution Rate ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Total GHG emissions from transport sector, referrring mainly to the non-EV \ land and sea motor vehicles. Does not include EV and public rail network \ systems. | "Initial (2010) GHG from Other Sources"[Industry GHG]= 18614.3*1e+09 ~~| "Initial (2010) GHG from Other Sources"[Commercial GHG]= 455.1*1e+09 ~~| "Initial (2010) GHG from Other Sources"[Residential GHG]= 209.1*1e+09 ~ CO2*g/Year ~ This is the baseline CO2 produced from sectors other than electricity. The target to \ the Paris Agreement includes emission from all source. The dynamics of the \ other sectors is not modelled here and is treated as an exogenous \ baseline, estimated to grow similarly at a rate similar to GDP. 2010 Data \ is obtained from Singapore's Third National Communication and First \ Biennial Update Report (2014), pg. 64, obtained from the National Climate \ Change Secretariat group of Singapore. \ https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publications/singapores-third-n\ ational-communication-and-first-biennial-update-report.pdf. Fugitive emissions, industrial processes, and waste is classified under \ Industry sector. | Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives= 0 ~ Dmnl [0,1] ~ Signifies the relative level of energy effiency initiatives where 0 \ signifies a BAU condition while 1 signifies the optimistic EEI scenario \ described in Nian 2015. | "Non-Electric Vehicles"= Total Vehicles-"Light-Duty Electric Vehicles" ~ Vehicle ~ Number of non-electric vehicles that will be used to determine transport \ sector pollution levels. | EV Annual Growth Rate 2030 Onwards( [(0,0)-(1,0.003)],(0,0),(1,0.00202252)) ~ Dmnl/Year ~ EV estimated to have a penetration of 0 to 3% of total light-weight \ vehicles by 2030 and 0 to 5% by 2050. The value here is a CAGR form of it \ for projection from 2030 onwards in a lookup format that takes the input, \ level of energy efficiency intiatives, to determine the corresponding \ response. | Household Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030( [(0,-0.002)-(1,-0)],(0,-0.0002506),(1,-0.00126509)) ~ Dmnl ~ Demand savings from the household sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | "Light-Duty Electric Vehicles"= INTEG ( New EV Each Year, 1) ~ Vehicle ~ Total number of light-duty electric vehicle. Formulation setup according \ to description listed in Nian 2015. | Industry Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030( [(0,-0.002)-(1,-0)],(0,-0.00050239),(1,-0.00126509)) ~ Dmnl ~ Demand savings from the industry sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2030 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | Industry Demand Savings Rate 2030 onwards( [(0,-0.003)-(1,-0)],(0,-0.00101992),(1,-0.00235986)) ~ Dmnl ~ Demand savings from the industry sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2050 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | Increased Demand from Public Transport= INTEG ( Annual Change in Public Transport Demand, 0) ~ h*kW/Year ~ Total demand change due to changes in public transport network. | EV Annual Growth Rate 2010 to 2030( [(0,0)-(1,0.002)],(0,0),(1,0.00147903)) ~ Dmnl/Year ~ EV estimated to have a penetration of 0 to 3% of total light-weight \ vehicles by 2030 and 0 to 5% by 2050. The value here is a CAGR form of it \ for projection to 2030 in a lookup format that takes the input, level of \ energy efficiency intiatives, to determine the corresponding response. | Household Demand Savings Rate 2030 Onwards( [(0,-0.002)-(1,-0)],(0,-0.0002519),(1,-0.00129793)) ~ Dmnl [-0.129793,-0.025186] ~ Demand savings from the household sector as estimated in Nian 2015. Values \ expressed in Nian 2015 is based on a net outcome in 2050 but it is \ adjusted to show a CAGR form here. Value has a range that signifies the \ demand savings from a BAU to conservative EEI to optimistic EEI scenario. | Transport Sector Electricity Demand Growth= Average Demand Per EV*"Light-Duty Electric Vehicles"+Increased Demand from Public Transport ~ h*kW/Year ~ Total additional electricity demand of the transport sector in Singapore. | New EV Each Year= IF THEN ELSE(Time < 2030, Total Vehicles*"Proportion of Light-Duty Vehicles"*EV Annual Growth Rate 2010 to 2030\ (Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives), Total Vehicles*"Proportion of Light-Duty Vehicles"\ *EV Annual Growth Rate 2030 Onwards(Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives)) ~ Vehicle/Year ~ EV is expected to have a penetration rate of 0 to 3% of total light-duty \ vehicles by 2030 and 0 to 5% of total light-duty vehicles by 2050. | GHG Emissions from Other Sources[Other GHG Sources]= INTEG ( Increase in GHG from Other Sources[Other GHG Sources], "Initial (2010) GHG from Other Sources"[Other GHG Sources]) ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Stock of GHG present. Initialized value according to 2010 value reported \ by the NCCS of Singapore. | Annual Growth Rate of Vehicles= 0.006 ~ Dmnl/Year ~ Estimated growth rate of vehicles in Singapore as used in Nian 2015. | Other GHG Sources: Industry GHG, Commercial GHG, Residential GHG ~ Dmnl ~ Range of GHG sectors as defined by the IPCC. Electricity transformation is \ modelled in the rest of the model so it is not listed here. | Annual Increase in Vehicles= Total Vehicles*Annual Growth Rate of Vehicles ~ Vehicle/Year ~ Actual number of growth in vehicles in Singapore. | "Initial (2010) Number of Vehicles"= 945829 ~ Vehicle ~ Number of vehicles in Singapore as reported by the Land Transport \ Authority of Singapore. \ https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/F\ actsandFigures/MVP01-1_MVP_by_type.pdf | Target for Renewable Proportion= 0.5 ~ Dmnl ~ Target for the amount of renewable energy that we should expect for \ Singapore. | "Perceived Present Demand (PPD)"= INTEG ( Change in PPD, Population Based Electricity Demand/(1+"Time to Perceive Present Demand (TPPD)"*Population Growth Rate\ )) ~ h*kW/Year ~ This is the perceived present demand of electricity in Singapore. The \ initial value is specified according to p. 634 Sterman 2000 and Moallemi \ et. al. 2017. | "Reference Demand (RD)"= INTEG ( "Change in Reference Demand (CRD)", Population Based Electricity Demand*(1+"Time Horizon for Reference Demand (THRD)"*Population Growth Rate\ )/(1+"Time to Perceive Present Demand (TPPD)" *Population Growth Rate)) ~ kW*h/Year ~ Reference data for demand. Established as indicated in p.634 Sterman 2000. | Reference GJC= Total Supply*Job Creation Reference Data[Solar PV]*MW to GW*Target for Renewable Proportion ~ Job/Year ~ Reference gross job created based on the an assumption of 100% renewable \ energy market. | Basic Demand Supply Ratio= Input Demand/Total Supply*kW to MW ~ Dmnl ~ Basic supply demand ratio that will be graphed in comparison with \ satisfying peak demand. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Demand Before Changes= SUM(Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Demand Type!]) ~ h*kW/Year ~ Total Demand without incorporating effective changes. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | Table for CSN on CTR( [(0,0)-(5,5)],(0,1),(1,1),(2,2),(5,2)) ~ Dmnl ~ Lookup table for effect of normalized cumulative social need on the \ adjustment to the carbon tax rate. In the event that the Normalized CSN is \ not met (Normalized CSN > 1), there then should be an effect to increase \ the carbon tax rate. On the other end, if Normalized CSN is met, \ (Normalized CSN < 1), then there is no need to further increase the carbon \ tax rate and thus stay the same. | Additional Carbon Tax Adjustment Rate= 0 ~ Dmnl ~ An exogenous factor that can be used to change speed of how fast carbon \ tax is growing. | Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas= RAMP(Final Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas/Duration to Achieve Overseas Capacity\ , Year When Overseas Generators are Allowed , Year When Overseas Generators are Allowed\ +Duration to Achieve Overseas Capacity ) ~ Dmnl ~ As electricity is a strategic asset required for the economic livelihood \ of Singapore, it may be expected that the Singapore Government would limit \ the amount of overseas generating capacity that it would support. | Final Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas= 0.5 ~ Dmnl ~ Final target that the Singapore government will allow for overseas \ proportion. | Total Overseas Waiting and Installed Capacities= SUM(Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Generator!]+Overseas Installed Capacity\ [Overseas Generator!]) ~ MW ~ Total waiting and installed capacities from overseas sources. | Total Local Waiting and Installed Capacities= SUM(Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Local Generator!]+Local Installed Capacity\ [Local Generator!]) ~ MW ~ Total waiting and installed capacities from overseas sources. | Duration to Achieve Overseas Capacity= 20 ~ Year ~ Expected duration it would take for the final proportion to be achieved. \ Currently set at 20 years as we expect the government to take careful \ planning and implementation considerations when it comes to allowing \ overseas generators to provide electricity in Singapore. The duration will \ thus determine the slope that it takes for the final proportion to be \ fully allowed. | Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Generator]= Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Generator]/Overseas Acquisition Lag\ [Overseas Generator] ~ MW/Year ~ This is the rate that overseas generation capacities under construction \ become operationalised. It is equal to the stock of Overseas Capacities \ Waiting for Build Approval divided by the delay time that the construction \ of a project is completed. | "Desired Overseas Waiting Capacity (DOWC)"[Overseas Generator]= Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Geothermal]*"Desired Overseas Capacity Acquisition Rate (DOCAR)"\ [Overseas Generator] ~ MW ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-16). Represents the overseas waiting capacity that will be built. | Change in CSN= "Current Total Social Needs (SN)"*Discount Factor/Delay in Recognizing Social Needs ~ Dmnl/Year ~ This is the change in social need over time. Modelled using Eq 21 in \ Fiddaman 1997 and Moallemi et. al. 2017. | Relative Social Need for DSB= Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio/Desired State for Demand Supply Balance ~ Dmnl ~ The current demand supply ratio is normalized against the desired demand \ supply ratio in order which expresses the relative social need for long \ term demand supply. | Short Term Peak Demand Forecast= Short Run Demand Forecast/Hours per Year*(1+Peak Demand to Average Demand Ratio)*kW to MW ~ MW ~ This is the short run expected Peak Demand forecast. This information is \ estimated to be used by generators for price setting in the near future. | Singapore UN NDC GHG Target= 113 ~ CO2*g/SGD ~ Based on the target of 0.113kgCO2/S$ (2010 SGD) by 2030 released by the \ Singapore government. \ https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Singapore%20Fir\ st/Singapore%20INDC.pdf. Assumed exchange rate of 1.364SGD to USD in 2010. \ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2018&locations=SG&star\ t=2008. | Desired State for Demand Supply Balance= IF THEN ELSE(MIN(1/Reserve Capacity Requirements,"Internal Target for Demand Supply Balance (ITDSB)"\ )<1/Maximum Excess Supply Proportion,1/Maximum Excess Supply Proportion,MIN(1/Reserve Capacity Requirements\ ,"Internal Target for Demand Supply Balance (ITDSB)")) ~ Dmnl ~ The desired state would be the the maximum between what is the internal \ target for demand supply and the mandated minimum excess supply for DSB. | Maximum Excess Supply Proportion= 2 ~ Dmnl ~ Supply is planned to be at most twice of peak demand forecast. | Change in ITDSB= (Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio-"Internal Target for Demand Supply Balance (ITDSB)"\ )/Change in ITDSB Adjustment Time ~ Dmnl/Year ~ Annual change in ITDSB that is based on the difference between the present \ long-term DSB and the internal target, then divided by the change in \ estimated adjustment time. | "Internal Target for Demand Supply Balance (ITDSB)"= INTEG ( Change in ITDSB, Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio) ~ Dmnl ~ This is the target that is set for demand-supply balance based on the \ present gap between demand and supply. It has a Anchor and Adjustment \ structure. It is assumed that the initial value for ITDSB is equal to the \ current Long term DSB. | USD Adjusted Singapore UN NDC Target= Singapore UN NDC GHG Target*USD to SGD ~ CO2*g/USD ~ The CO2 emission target is adjusted to reflect it based on USD basis for \ consistency with rest of model. | USD to SGD= 1.364 ~ SGD/USD ~ Assumed exchange rate of 1.364SGD to USD in 2010. \ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2018&locations=SG&star\ t=2008. | LCOE[Generator]= (Depreciated Investment Cost DIC[Generator]+"Time Adjusted Fixed O&M Cost"[Generator\ ])/(Hours per Year*Capacity Factor[Generator])+"Time Adjusted Variable O&M Cost"[Generator\ ]+Fuel Cost in USD per MWh[Generator] ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Levelized Cost of Electricity, includes cost of carbon tax. Equation \ obtained from https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech-lcoe-documentation.html. | "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 7000 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Local Waste to Energy]= 101000 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Local Solar PV]= 20000 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 0 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Overseas Hydro]= 35000 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Overseas Geothermal]= 0 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Overseas Solar PV]= 20000 ~~| "Reference Fixed O&M Cost"[Overseas Nuclear]= 0 ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ Represents Yearly expected operations and maintainence costs. 2010 Data \ obtained from: \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.\ Used Table A.III.1. | "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 3.2 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Local Waste to Energy]= 0 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Local Solar PV]= 0 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 14 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Overseas Hydro]= 0 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Overseas Geothermal]= 11 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Overseas Solar PV]= 0 ~~| "Reference Variable O&M Cost"[Overseas Nuclear]= 13 ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Data obtained from: \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.\ Used Table A.III.1. | Adjustment for Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator]= (Desired Local Capacity[Local Generator]-Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator])/\ Perception Delay for Capacity Adjustment ~ MW/Year ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-15). Represents the annual net adjustment that will be applied to the \ indicated local order capacity. | Year When Overseas Generators are Allowed= 2100 ~ Year [2010,2100] ~ Currently, Singapore generates all its electricity within Singapore. \ Overseas generating capabilities have been discussed but no current plan \ has come into fruition. This variable allows for model testing in which \ the year that such generator capabilities can be allowed. | "Current Total Social Needs (SN)"= Relative Social Need for Energy Diversity*Relative Social Need for Energy Job Creation\ *Relative Social Need for DSB*Relative Social Need for GHG Emissions ~ Dmnl ~ The structure of the utility for the social needs is shown through the \ multiplicative effects of the various important factors of the model \ (Demand-Supply Balance, GHG Emissions, Energy Security, Job Creation), and \ this represents the performance of the system. | "Adjustment for Local Waiting Capacities (ALWC)"[Local Generator]= ZIDZ(("Desired Local Waiting Capacities (DLWC)"[Local Generator]-Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion\ [Local Generator]),Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time) ~ MW/Year ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-15). Represents the net annual adjustment that will be applied to the \ indicated local order capacity. | "Adjustment for Overeas Waiting Capacities (AOWC)"[Overseas Generator]= ("Desired Overseas Waiting Capacity (DOWC)"[Overseas Generator]-Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion\ [Overseas Generator])/Net Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time ~ MW/Year ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-15). Represents the net adjustment that will be applied to the \ indicated overseas order capacity. | Adjustment Time for NJC= 5 ~ Year ~ This the adjustment time for the internal target for job creation. Policy \ makers might assume that refreshing the target too often might not be \ useful so the target is estimated to adjust every 5 years. | Base Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time= 3 ~ Year ~ This is the an estimated approval lag. This does not include the time \ taken for construction, which is expected seperately. Information was \ estimated from a Singapore's company investment timeline in Vietnam, where \ they began operations in Vietnam in 2015 but only getting governmental \ approval for grid scale electricity in 2018. \ https://www.sunseap.com/SG/about/sunseap_group/milestones.html | BII Adjustment Time= 4 ~ Year ~ This is the estimated time it would take for investment rate policies to \ be refreshed, which does not happen often. | Capacity Average Lifetime[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 30 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Local Waste to Energy]= 30 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Local Solar PV]= 25 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 25 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Hydro]= 50 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Geothermal]= 30 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Solar PV]= 25 ~~| Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Nuclear]= 60 ~ Year ~ The average lifetime of technology for each source. Based on information \ from: \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf,\ \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Annex%202_Review%20of%20the%20Vesting%20Con\ tract%20Technical%20Parameters_Final__.pdf | Capacity Factor[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 0.9 ~~| Capacity Factor[Local Waste to Energy]= 0.91 ~~| Capacity Factor[Local Solar PV]= 0.15 ~~| Capacity Factor[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 0.32 ~~| Capacity Factor[Overseas Hydro]= 0.46 ~~| Capacity Factor[Overseas Geothermal]= 0.84 ~~| Capacity Factor[Overseas Solar PV]= 0.15 ~~| Capacity Factor[Overseas Nuclear]= 0.93 ~ Dmnl ~ The ratio between actual output in a year and the potential output if it is possible \ to operate at full capacity all the time for all hours of the year. It \ could be modelled as a dynamic adjustable factor but that is beyond the \ dynamics of this study. Average values from relevant reports regarding \ data from Singapore/ ASEAN are used when applicable. Gas Fired Plants: \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Annex%202_Review%20of%20the%20Vesting%20Con\ tract%20Technical%20Parameters_Final__.pdf Local Waste to Energy: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/52829.pdf Local Solar PV, Wind, Overseas Hydro, Overseas Geothermal, Overseas Solar PV: \ https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Jan/IRENA\ _Market_Southeast_Asia_2018.pdf. Overseas Nuclear assumed to be at same level of technical availability as \ baseload technologies like Natural Gas fired plants. | Capacity Utilisation[Generator]= SMOOTH(Table for Capacity Utilisation[Generator](Incentive to Generate[Generator]) ,\ Capacity Utilisation Delay Time ) ~ Dmnl ~ The output represents how much the power plant would be producing in a \ year based on the profitability possibility as indicated in the Table for \ Capacity Utilisation. This approached is modelled analogously from Kubli \ 2014. A smoothing function was added in order to smooth out noise from the \ fuel price input and reflect that the incentive to generate is a decision \ that considers past information as well. | Capacity Utilisation Delay Time= 1 ~ Year ~ Period in which past information is considered for the LCOE on Capacity \ Utilisation. | Carbon Tax Payable[Generator]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Generator]*"Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)"\ *kg to g/kW to MW ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Amount of tax payaable for using carbon emitting fuel sources. | Expected Carbon Tax[Generator]= IF THEN ELSE( Time > 2019.75, Carbon Tax Payable[Generator] , 0 ) ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Singapore would be implementing carbon tax starting from 2019 September. \ As such, a switch is added with the carbon tax payable calculations in \ order to determine to reflect this segment. | Change in BII[Generator]= (Desired BII[Generator]-"Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)"[Generator])/\ BII Adjustment Time ~ Dmnl/Year ~ This is the adjustment rate for the infrastructure investment boost. It is \ divided by the adjustment time to normalize the rate in which the change \ is effected as we cannot expect changes for these policies to be constant. | Change in CTR= (Desired CTR-"Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)")/CTR Adjustment Time ~ USD/(Year*kg*CO2) ~ This is the adjustment rate for the carbon tax rate based on the gap \ between the current levels and the updated desired levels of carbon tax \ and by considering an adjustment time. | "Change in Demand Trend (CDT)"= ("Indicated Demand Trend (IDT)"-"Demand Trend (DT)")/"Time to Perceive Demand Trend (TPDT)" ~ 1/(Year*Year) ~ This is the yearly change in demand trend for forecasting purposes. | Change in Internal Target= (Current GHG Emissions-Internal Target for GHG Emissions)/Target GHG Adjustment Time ~ CO2*g/(Year*Year) ~ This is the rate in which the internal target for GHG emissions will \ change. | Change in ITDSB Adjustment Time= 4 ~ Year ~ This is the estimated adjustment time for internal target for \ demand-supply balance. | Change in ITEDI= ("Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)"-"Internal Target for EDI (ITEDI)")/EDI Adjustment Time ~ 1/Year ~ This is the rate in which the internal target for energy diversity index \ will change. | Change in NJC= ("Gross Jobs Created (GJC)"-Targets for GJC)/Adjustment Time for NJC ~ Job/(Year*Year) ~ This is the rate in which the internal target for job creation. | Change in Population= Population*Population Growth Rate ~ People/Year ~ Total population up till 2050 obtained from Lee and Ghee 2014. Population growth \ rate (births and deaths inclusive) estimated using CAGR formula. Three \ scenarios in the projection. Low CAGR: 0.4843%; Mid CAGR: 0.6462%; High \ CAGR: 0.9307% https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/pos2050_web_final_3009141\ .pdf?sfvrsn=1cb99e0b_2. | Change in PPD= (Input Demand-"Perceived Present Demand (PPD)")/"Time to Perceive Present Demand (TPPD)" ~ kW*h/(Year*Year) ~ This refers to the annual perceived change in annual demand. | Change in RARI= (Desired RARI-"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)")/Change in RARI Adjusment Time ~ Dmnl/Year ~ This is the adjustment rate for the impact of the renewable energy project \ approval rate. It is divided by the adjustment time to normalize the rate \ in which the change is effected as we cannot expect changes for these \ policies to be constant. | Change in RARI Adjusment Time= 4 ~ Year ~ This is the estimated time it would take for renewable project approval \ rates and its relevant policies to be refreshed, which does not happen \ often. | "Change in Reference Demand (CRD)"= ("Perceived Present Demand (PPD)"-"Reference Demand (RD)")/"Time Horizon for Reference Demand (THRD)" ~ kW*h/(Year*Year) ~ This refers to the expected annual change in reference demand according to \ the data available within the model. | Changes to Energy Price= (Indicated Price-Trader's Expected Price)/Time to Adjust Trader's Expected Price ~ USD/(MW*h*Year) ~ This is the rate by which the Energy Price is getting adjusted gradually \ using a Hill-Climbing Optimization approach. | Population Growth Rate= 0.006462 ~ Dmnl/Year [0.004843,0.009307] ~ Population growth rate (births and deaths inclusive) estimated using CAGR formula \ and referencing the 2050 population growth values. Three scenarios in the \ projection. Low CAGR: 0.4843%; Mid CAGR: 0.6462%; High CAGR: 0.9307% https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/pos2050_web_final_3009141\ .pdf?sfvrsn=1cb99e0b_2. | CTR Adjustment Time= 4 ~ Year ~ Value referenced from Moallemi et. al. 2017. This is the estimated time it \ would take for carbon tax policies to be refreshed, which does not happen \ often. | "Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)"= INTEG ( Change in CSN, "Current Total Social Needs (SN)") ~ Dmnl ~ The central idea is that social needs in the energy sector arises when \ concerns are not met. The concerns modelled here are namely demand-supply \ problem, GHG emissions, energy security, and energy job market. As social \ needs increases relative to its recent values, it will put pressure on \ drivers of change. This overall structure is built based on Moallemi et. \ al. 2017. The cumulation is not used further as it is the yearly change \ that forms the driver for policy presssure. ~ :SUPPLEMENTARY | "Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)"= SUM(Proportion Per Generating Type[Energy Source Type!]^2 ) ~ Dmnl ~ Energy Diversity index calculated using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. \ This is similar to how energy diversity is calculated in the Energy \ Transition Index. HHI here is normalized to between 1 to 10000. | Delay in Recognizing Social Needs= 4 ~ Year ~ Delay time in recognizing social needs. Set at 4 years as cumulative needs \ of society can be expected to take longer periods to be detected and \ estimated. | Demand Sector Proportion[Industry]= 0.43 ~~| Demand Sector Proportion[Buildings]= 0.31 ~~| Demand Sector Proportion[Transport]= 0.05 ~~| Demand Sector Proportion[Household]= 0.18 ~~| Demand Sector Proportion[Others]= 0.03 ~ Dmnl ~ Proportion of electricity demand categorised by sector and as defined by \ the NCCS of Singapore (Nian 2015). As Singapore is considered an advanced \ economy with stability in its economic structure, the proportion of \ electricity demand is expected to remain relatively constant over time \ (Nian 2015). | "Demand Trend (DT)"= INTEG ( "Change in Demand Trend (CDT)", "Indicated Demand Trend (IDT)") ~ 1/Year ~ Modeling Growth Expectations: The TREND Function (Sterman, 2000, p. 634). \ Initial value of Demand Trend normalized to estimated CAGR of population \ growth rate. | Demand Type: Industry,Transport,Buildings,Household,Others ~ Dmnl ~ Range of Demand Type | Depreciated Investment Cost DIC[Generator]= Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Generator]*Capital Recovery Factor[Generator\ ] ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ DIC is the time-valued investment cost of each source, distributed over \ the lifetime of installed capacity. | Desired BII[Generator]= "Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)"[Generator]*Effect of CSN on BII[Generator\ ] ~ Dmnl ~ Desired Investment Rate for each generator technology, dependent on the \ output effect of normalized cumulative socia need and the current energy \ infrastructure rate. | Desired CTR= "Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)"*Effect of CSN on CTR ~ USD/(kg*CO2) ~ Desired carbon tax rate based upon the adjusted value and the effect of \ the cumulative social needs value. | Desired GHG Emissions= Internal Target for GHG Emissions*Effect of Targets for GHG Emissions ~ CO2*g/Year ~ Desired state for the GHG emissions dependent on current internal target \ value and the effect of reference state. Modelled similiarly to \ hill-climbing optimization used in p. 537 of Sterman 2000 and also in \ Moallemi et. al. 2017. | Desired GJC= Targets for GJC*Effect of Policy Targets on Job Creation ~ Job/Year ~ Desired state for the gross jobs created in the energy sector on current \ internal target value and the effect of reference state. Modelled \ similiarly to hill-climbing optimization used in p. 537 of Sterman 2000 \ and also in Moallemi et. al. 2017. | "Desired Local Capacity Acquisition Rate (DLCAR)"[Local Generator]= Max(0, Adjustment for Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator]+Local Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Local Generator] ) ~ MW/Year ~ Modelled according to equation 17-4a in Sterman 2000. The logic is such \ that there is a non-negative capacity acquisition rate as there would \ always be power plants retiring every year while demand is slated to \ increase year-on-year, even in conditions where there are excess supply in \ the market. | "Desired Local Waiting Capacities (DLWC)"[Local Generator]= Local Acquisition Lag*"Desired Local Capacity Acquisition Rate (DLCAR)"[Local Generator\ ] ~ MW ~ Formulated analogously to adjustment for stock (Sterman 2000, equation \ 17-16). The LAL represents the policy maker's current belief about the \ length of the acquisition delay. | "Desired Overseas Capacity Acquisition Rate (DOCAR)"[Overseas Generator]= Max(0,Adjustment for Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator]+Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Generator]) ~ MW/Year ~ Modelled according to equation p. 679, 17-4a in Sterman 2000. The logic is \ such that there is a non-negative capacity acquisition rate as there would \ always be power plants retiring every year while demand is slated to \ increase year-on-year, even in conditions where there are excess supply in \ the market. | Desired RARI= "Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)"*Effect of CSN on RARI ~ Dmnl ~ Desired impact level of the renewable energy project approval rates. | Desired State for EDI= "Internal Target for EDI (ITEDI)"*Effect of Normalized EDI on Desired State for EDI ~ Dmnl ~ Desired state for the energy diversity dependent on current internal \ target value and the effect of reference state. Modelled similiarly to \ hill-climbing optimization used in p. 537 of Sterman 2000 and also in \ Moallemi et. al. 2017. | Discount Factor= EXP((-"Rate of Time Preference (RTP)")*(Time-INITIAL TIME)) ~ Dmnl ~ Discount factor is a factor which changes the future values of societal \ needs, dependent on the rate of time preference used. This formula is \ used as per Eq. 20 of Fidderman 1997, and Moallemi et. al. 2017. | EDI Adjustment Time= 5 ~ Year ~ This the adjustment time for the internal target for energy diversity \ index. Policy makers might assume that refreshing the target too often \ might not be useful so the target is estimated to adjust every 5 years. | Effect of Generation Profit[Generator]= SMOOTH(Long Term Generator Price Forecast[Generator],Profit Consideration Horizon)/SMOOTH\ (LCOE[Generator],Profit Consideration Horizon) ~ Dmnl ~ Modelled similarly to Moallemi et. al. 2017. Generator's profit ratio is \ considered here based on the smoothed inputs of long term revenue from \ energy price against the levelized cost of electricity. | Effect of Policy Targets on Job Creation= Table for Normalized GJC(Normalized GJC) ~ Dmnl ~ | Effect of Normalized EDI on Desired State for EDI= Table for Normalized EDI on Desired(Normalized EDI) ~ Dmnl ~ This nonlinear function outputs the relative effects of a normalized EDI \ that will then be used on determining the desired EDI. | Effect of Targets for GHG Emissions= Table for Normalized GHG on Desired(Normalized GHG levels) ~ Dmnl ~ This nonlinear function outputs the relative effects of a normalized GHG \ data that will then be used on determining the desired GHG | Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors[Demand Type]= Demand Sector Proportion[Demand Type]*Population Based Electricity Demand ~ kW*h/Year ~ Proportion of electricity expressed in kW*h/Year | Electricity Demand Per Capita= 8706.2 ~ kW*h/(People*Year) ~ 5 year average electricity consumption per capita data from 2010 to 2014 \ was estimate the electricity demand per capita of Singapore. Data obtained \ from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC?locations=SG | Electricity Generated by Type[Natural Gas Fired]= "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Natural Gas Fired]*Capacity Utilisation[Local Natural Gas Fired\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Waste to Energy]= "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Waste to Energy]*Capacity Utilisation[Local Waste to Energy\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Solar PV]= "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Solar PV]*Capacity Utilisation[Local Solar PV\ ]+"Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Solar PV]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Solar PV\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Onshore Wind]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Onshore Wind]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Onshore Wind\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Geothermal]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Geothermal]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Geothermal\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Hydro]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Solar PV]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Solar PV\ ] ~~| Electricity Generated by Type[Nuclear]= "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Nuclear]*Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Nuclear\ ] ~ MW*h/Year ~ Electricity generated based on broad classification of renewable or not. | Energy Price Forward Period= 3 ~ Year ~ Long term forward looking period for energy price. | Energy Price Lookback Period= 2 ~ Year ~ Period in which past energy price will be used for long term forward \ forecasting. | Energy Source Type: Natural Gas Fired,Waste to Energy,Solar PV,Hydro,Geothermal,Onshore Wind, Nuclear ~ Dmnl ~ Range of Energy sources | Resource Limits[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 20000 ~~| Resource Limits[Local Waste to Energy]= 600 ~~| Resource Limits[Local Solar PV]= 6000 ~~| Resource Limits[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 360 ~~| Resource Limits[Overseas Geothermal]= 1300 ~~| Resource Limits[Overseas Hydro]= 4500 ~~| Resource Limits[Overseas Solar PV]= 14400 ~~| Resource Limits[Overseas Nuclear]= 5000 ~ MW ~ Renewable energy resource limit estimates obtained from Ahmed et. al. 2017. Local \ resources estimates for natural gas plants and waste-to-energy set at \ approximately double of current capacity levels, where the base data is \ obtained the Energy Market Authority of Singapore. Local resource for \ solar assumed to be at 5GW, according to estimates provided by the \ Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore White Paper on Renewable \ Energy (https://www.seas.org.sg/white-papers). Overseas limits (Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Hydro) assessed at 10% of Malaysia's and \ Sumatra's capability. Nuclear potential estimated at 5000GW, which is a possibility if built on \ barges, underground, or on overseas land as a shared resource. | Fuel Price Database[Local Natural Gas Fired]:INTERPOLATE::= GET XLS DATA('Thesis Database.xlsx', 'Fuel Price' , '1' , 'B2' ) ~~| Fuel Price Database[Local Waste to Energy]= 6.3/1.05587 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Local Solar PV]= 0 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 0 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Overseas Hydro]= 0 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Overseas Geothermal]= 0 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Overseas Solar PV]= 0 ~~| Fuel Price Database[Overseas Nuclear]= 0.805/1.05587 ~ USD/MBtu ~ Natural Gas Fuel Price is obtained from EIA: \ https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/hist/rngwhhdM.htm Other fuel price estimate obtained from: \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf. | Fuel Price Forward Period= 0.5 ~ Year ~ Period in which the fuel price will be forecasted for. | Fuel Price Lookback Period= 1 ~ Year ~ Period in which the fuel price will be used to lookback for forecasting \ forward. | GDP= INTEG ( Change in GDP, 2.39809e+11) ~ USD ~ GDP for Singapore. Initial Value was for 2010. Obtained from the World \ Bank database. | Generator: Local Natural Gas Fired,Local Solar PV,Local Waste to Energy,Overseas Geothermal,Overseas Hydro\ ,Overseas Onshore Wind,Overseas Solar PV, Overseas Nuclear ~ Dmnl ~ Range of Generaor Types | Profit Consideration Horizon= 4 ~ Year ~ Estimated time generator companies would use for consideration in \ determining past information before deciding if a large value investment \ is worth it. | Grid Losses= 0.1 ~ Dmnl ~ Assumed that grid losses take up 10% of total supply. | "Gross Jobs Created (GJC)"= SUM(Electricity Generated by Type[Energy Source Type!]*Job Creation Reference Data[Energy Source Type\ !])*MW to GW ~ Job/Year ~ Total energy jobs created on a job per year basis. | Heat Rate[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 6.35e+06 ~~| Heat Rate[Local Waste to Energy]= 1.35e+07 ~~| Heat Rate[Local Solar PV]= 0 ~~| Heat Rate[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 0 ~~| Heat Rate[Overseas Hydro]= 0 ~~| Heat Rate[Overseas Geothermal]= 0 ~~| Heat Rate[Overseas Solar PV]= 0 ~~| Heat Rate[Overseas Nuclear]= 1.0461e+07 ~ Btu/(MW*h) ~ Data obtained from \ https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/assumptions/pdf/electricity.pdf | Hours per Year= 8760 ~ h/Year ~ Number of hours per year. | "Indicated Demand Trend (IDT)"= ("Perceived Present Demand (PPD)"-"Reference Demand (RD)")/("Reference Demand (RD)"*\ "Time Horizon for Reference Demand (THRD)") ~ 1/Year ~ Change in demand is made into a ratio based on the reference demand, which \ is then normalized according to the time horizon for reference demand. \ Modelled according to p.634 Sterman 2000 and Moallemi et. al. 2017. | Indicated Local Order Capacity[Local Generator]= "Desired Local Capacity Acquisition Rate (DLCAR)"[Local Generator]+"Adjustment for Local Waiting Capacities (ALWC)"\ [Local Generator] ~ MW/Year ~ As per Sterman 2000, equation 17-14. The Indicated Local Order Capacity is \ formulate as an anchiring and adjustment process. DLCAR is the anchor \ while the ALWC is the adjustment. | Indicated Overseas Order Capacity[Overseas Generator]= "Desired Overseas Capacity Acquisition Rate (DOCAR)"[Overseas Generator]+"Adjustment for Overeas Waiting Capacities (AOWC)"\ [Overseas Generator] ~ MW/Year ~ As per Sterman 2000, equation 17-14. The Indicated Overseas Order Capacity \ is formulate as an anchiring and adjustment process. DOCAR is the anchor \ while the AOWC is the adjustment. | Initial Population= 5.043e+06 ~ People ~ Total population data extracted from page 46 of Lee and Ghee 2014. This refers to \ Singapore's total population in 2010, rounded to the nearest thousand. https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/pos2050_web_final_3009141\ .pdf?sfvrsn=1cb99e0b_2. | Input Demand= SUM(Demand After Changes[Demand Type!]) ~ kW*h/Year ~ This is the input demand to the trend estimation function that considers \ the total demand and is then discounted according to the expected savings \ from energy efficient measures implemented. | "Internal Target for EDI (ITEDI)"= INTEG ( Change in ITEDI, "Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)") ~ Dmnl ~ This is the internal target of the energy diversity index. This is \ modelled similarly to Moallemi et. al. 2017. Broadly modelled as a hill \ climbing optimization (p. 539 Sterman 2000) approach but the feedback from \ the desired state has further impacts before returning into the change in \ the internal target. | Internal Target for GHG Emissions= INTEG ( Change in Internal Target, Current GHG Emissions) ~ CO2*g/Year ~ This is the internal target of the GHG emissions. This is modelled \ similarly to Moallemi et. al. 2017. Broadly modelled as a hill climbing \ optimization (p. 539 Sterman 2000) approach but the feedback from the \ desired state does not affect the state that directly. | Inflation Rate= 0.0164 ~ Dmnl ~ Estimated at 1.6%. Median value of reported Core Inflation rate from 2000 \ to 2018. Data obtained from the Monetary Authority of Singapore and \ Department of Statistics, Singapore. \ https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.actio\ n?refId=12008. | Job Creation Reference Data[Natural Gas Fired]= 0.12 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Waste to Energy]= 0.65 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Solar PV]= 0.65 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Onshore Wind]= 0.65 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Geothermal]= 0.65 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Hydro]= 0.65 ~~| Job Creation Reference Data[Nuclear]= 0.14 ~ Job/(GW*h) ~ Job data estimate obtained from review provided by the UK Energy Research Centre. \ Waste to Energy estimate assumed under category of renewable energy \ category for this case as the closest job data was from biomass data \ reported in the study. Nuclear was excluded in the study and data was obtained via: \ https://rael.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/WeiPatadiaKammen_Clean\ EnergyJobs_EPolicy2010.pdf | kg to g= 1/1000 ~ kg/g ~ | kW to MW= 0.001 ~ MW/kW ~ Converts kW to MW. | Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Local Natural Gas Fired]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Natural Gas Fired] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Local Waste to Energy]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Waste to Energy] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Local Solar PV]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Solar PV] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Overseas Onshore Wind]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Onshore Wind] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Overseas Geothermal]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Geothermal] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Overseas Hydro]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Hydro] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Overseas Solar PV]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Solar PV] ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator[Overseas Nuclear]= Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Nuclear] ~ CO2*g/(h*kW) ~ Mapping of Lifecycle Emissions Intensity between Source Type and Generator | Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Natural Gas Fired]= 490 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Waste to Energy]= 1340 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Solar PV]= 48 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Onshore Wind]= 11 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Geothermal]= 38 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Hydro]= 24 ~~| Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources[Nuclear]= 12 ~ (g*CO2)/(kW*h) ~ Data used is median lifecycle emissions. Table A.III.2. Data obtained \ from the IPCC's Annex III to Climate Change 2014. \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.\ Waste to Energy estimate obtained from Kuo et. al. 2011. \ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750583611000314 | Local Acquisition Lag= 3 ~ Year ~ This is the expected construction lag that the Singapore government has \ estimated for all energy projects. This does not include the time taken \ for approval, which is expected seperately. Data is estimated from the \ public consultation paper that the Energy Market Authority of Singapore \ has published. \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Determination_Paper_%20Preparing_for_Future\ _Power_Generation_Investments_Final_29_Jul.pdf. | Local Capacity Depreciation Rate[Local Generator]= Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator]/Capacity Average Lifetime[Local Generator] ~ MW/Year ~ This is the outflow from the overseas installed capacity which is the \ average capacity that goes offline per year, based on the overall \ installed capacity and the average lifespan of the specific generator \ systems. | Local Construction Completion[Local Generator]= Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Local Generator]/Local Acquisition Lag ~ MW/Year ~ This is the rate that local generation capacities under construction \ become operationalised. It is equal to the stock of Local Capacities \ Waiting for Build Approval divided by the delay time that the construction \ of a project is completed. | Local Generator: Local Natural Gas Fired,Local Solar PV,Local Waste to Energy ~ Dmnl ~ Subrange of generator in Singapore | Local Installed Capacity[Local Natural Gas Fired]= INTEG ( Local Construction Completion[Local Natural Gas Fired]-Local Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Local Natural Gas Fired], 9671.6) ~~| Local Installed Capacity[Local Waste to Energy]= INTEG ( Local Construction Completion[Local Waste to Energy]-Local Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Local Waste to Energy], 256.8) ~~| Local Installed Capacity[Local Solar PV]= INTEG ( Local Construction Completion[Local Solar PV]-Local Capacity Depreciation Rate[Local Solar PV\ ], 2.9) ~ MW ~ Modelled similar to Figure 17-7 of Sterman 2000. Equations are extracted \ from Chapter 11 and Chapter 17 of Sterman 2000. Initial Values for \ Installed Capacity obtained through the Singapore Energy Statistics 2018 \ published by the Energy Market Authority of Singapore. Data used was \ specifically the 2010 data. | Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time= IF THEN ELSE(Time > 2020, Max(0.5,Base Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time*(1-"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)"\ )),Base Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time) ~ Year ~ Net waiting time that incorporates effect of policy pressure for approval \ rate. The concept is that with the right governmental pressure, policies \ should be able to get approval at a higher rate as compared to policies \ with no pressure. Expected that there is a minimum wait time of 6 months \ for basic project assessment. | Long Term Generator Price Forecast[Generator]= "Future Market Energy Price (FMEP)"*(1-Weight of LCOE on Supply Profit Forecast)+VMIN\ (LCOE[Generator!])*Weight of LCOE on Supply Profit Forecast ~ USD/(MW*h) ~ Long term profits is considered based on weighted average of future market \ energy price and the most competitive technology available for \ consideration. Built based on Moallemi et. al. 2017 and Vogstad 2004 eq. \ 9.1. | MBtu to Btu= 1/1e+06 ~ MBtu/Btu ~ | Reserve Capacity Requirements= 1.3 ~ Dmnl ~ The Singapore Government has mandated for supply of at least 30% higher \ than peak annual demand. \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Singapore_Electricity_Market_Outlook_2018_F\ inal_rev11Jan2019.pdf | MW to GW= 0.001 ~ GW/MW ~ | Net Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time= Max(1,Base Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time*(1-"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)"\ )) ~ Year ~ Net waiting time that incorporates effect of policy pressure for approval \ rate. The concept is that with the right governmental pressure, policies \ should be able to get approval at a higher rate as compared to policies \ with no pressure. Expected that there is a at least minimum of 1 year for \ project assessment. | Normalized EDI= "Internal Target for EDI (ITEDI)"/Reference Energy Diversity Index ~ Dmnl ~ Fraction of the internal target for EDI to the reference EDI that is based \ on literature values. | Normalized GHG levels= XIDZ(Internal Target for GHG Emissions,Target GHG Emissions, 2 ) ~ Dmnl ~ Fraction of the internal target for EDI to the reference EDI that is based \ on Singapore's 2030 first NDC reported to UN. | Normalized GJC= Targets for GJC/Reference GJC ~ Dmnl ~ Fraction of the internal target for gross job created to the reference \ gross job created that is based on a 100% renewable market. | Overnight Investment Cost[Local Natural Gas Fired]= 1.1e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Local Waste to Energy]= 5.6e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Local Solar PV]= 3.2e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 2.3e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Hydro]= 2.1e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Geothermal]= 5.2e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Solar PV]= 3.4e+06 ~~| Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Nuclear]= 4.5e+06 ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ 2010 Overnight Investment Cost for different type of generating plants. \ Obtained from the IPCC \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.\ Used Table A.III.1 Cost and Performance Parameters of selected \ electricity supply technologies. Waste to Energy cost assumed as \ Biomass-CHP in this case. Overseas systems have all added a 200,000USD/MW \ cost for undersea cable cost. Estimated at an average of 150km of undersea \ cable. Cost estimated from SAPEI project, which is the world's deepest \ undersea cable, as reported in: \ https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC97720/ld-na-2\ 7527-en-n.pdf | Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Geothermal]= 3 ~~| Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Hydro]= 5 ~~| Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Onshore Wind]= 1.5 ~~| Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Solar PV]= 3 ~~| Overseas Acquisition Lag[Overseas Nuclear]= 9 ~ Year ~ These figures are estimated at 50% higher than the rate given from the the \ lead times estimated in \ https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.\ The longer duration includes an extra building time for transmission \ cables and increased coordination requirements. Solar PV was estimate to \ have no construction time in the IPCC data which is assumed to be not \ reflective of actual. As such, it is assumed that there would be a 50% \ time over local construction time. | Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Onshore Wind]= INTEG ( Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Onshore Wind]-Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Onshore Wind\ ], 0) ~~| Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Geothermal]= INTEG ( Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Geothermal]-Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Geothermal\ ], 0) ~~| Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Hydro]= INTEG ( Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Hydro]-Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Hydro]\ , 0) ~~| Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Solar PV]= INTEG ( Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Solar PV]-Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Solar PV\ ], 0) ~~| Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion[Overseas Nuclear]= INTEG ( Overseas Order Rate[Overseas Nuclear]-Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Nuclear\ ], 0) ~ MW ~ This the stock of generation capacities from overseas locations which is \ under constuction and has not been operationalised yet. The initial value \ of this variable has been assumed 0 as Singapore does not have the policy \ to have overseas generating capacities yet. | Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate[Overseas Generator]= Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator]/Capacity Average Lifetime[Overseas Generator\ ] ~ MW/Year ~ This is the outflow from the overseas installed capacity which is the \ average capacity that goes offline per year, based on the overall \ installed capacity and the average lifespan of the specific generator \ systems. | Overseas Generator: Overseas Geothermal,Overseas Hydro,Overseas Onshore Wind,Overseas Solar PV,Overseas Nuclear ~ Dmnl ~ Subrange of overseas generators. | Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Onshore Wind]= INTEG ( Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Onshore Wind]-Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Onshore Wind], 0) ~~| Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Geothermal]= INTEG ( Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Geothermal]-Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Geothermal], 0) ~~| Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Hydro]= INTEG ( Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Hydro]-Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Hydro], 0) ~~| Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Solar PV]= INTEG ( Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Solar PV]-Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Solar PV], 0) ~~| Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Nuclear]= INTEG ( Overseas Construction Completion[Overseas Nuclear]-Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate\ [Overseas Nuclear], 0) ~ MW ~ This the stock of generation capacities from overseas locations which is \ generating power. The initial value of this variable has been assumed 0 as \ Singapore does not have the policy to have overseas generating capacities \ for Singapore yet. | Peak Demand to Average Demand Ratio= 0.32 ~ Dmnl ~ This is peak demand estimate as compared to average demand. Estimate \ required to determine future capacity requirements. Data is estimated from \ past information from the Energy Market Authority of Singapore where load \ centres' monthly maximum and averge demand are reported. \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/statistic.aspx?sta_sid=20140802AcuzD76syICf | Perception Delay for Capacity Adjustment= 2 ~ Year ~ Delay in perception of adjustment required for the capacity on the desired \ capacity. While capacity data is reported every year by the Energy Market \ Authority of Singapore, the perception delay for the adjustment between \ desired and actual capacity would be longer as it would take longer for \ the investors and government to determine the appropriate desired \ adjustment, considering that such investments are capital intensive and \ ROI are dependent on many different factors. | "Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)"[Generator]= INTEG ( Change in BII[Generator], 1) ~ Dmnl ~ Policy Target for boosting government monies in energy projects according \ to the normalized cumulative social needs. | "Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)"= INTEG ( Change in CTR, 0.004) ~ USD/(kg*CO2) ~ Carbon is slated to be introduced in Singapore from 2019 onwards at a rate \ of about 4USD per tonne of GHG emitted. \ https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/climate-change-energy-efficiency/climat\ e-change/carbon-tax. As the cumulative social need represents the needs in \ light of considerations such related to the energy domain, policy \ mechanism such as the carbon tax can be employed and adjusted according to \ the output from the social need. | "Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)"= INTEG ( Change in RARI, 0.05) ~ Dmnl ~ Policy Target for boosting speed of renewable energy projects approval \ rate. It should be noted that this only affects the approval speed and not \ the construction speed as that is assumed to be relatively constant. | Population= INTEG ( Change in Population, Initial Population) ~ People ~ Total Population of Singapore. Data extracted from Yap and Ghee 2014. \ https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/pos2050_web_final_3009141\ .pdf?sfvrsn=1cb99e0b_2 | Population Based Electricity Demand= Population*Electricity Demand Per Capita ~ kW*h/Year ~ Singapore is considered an advanced economy with no large change in \ electricity needs per capita. As such, a population growth electricity \ demand is used as suggested in Nian 2014. | Time to Adjust Trader's Expected Price= 1 ~ Year [0.0001,2] ~ Estimated time to perceive current conditions. This is dependent on the \ expectations of conditions in the near-term market like demand-supply \ balance, fuel price fluctuations. Estimated from information that tariffs \ gets adjusted every 6 months. | Future Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure= 0.005 ~ Dmnl/Year [0.005,0.015] ~ Proportion of GDP that Singapore should invests in energy infrastructure. \ The Global Infrastructure Outlook \ (https://outlook.gihub.org/countries/Singapore) reported an estimated 0.5% \ of GDP from 2010 to 2017. | Renewable Electricity Proportion= (Electricity Generated by Type[Solar PV]+Electricity Generated by Type[Onshore Wind]\ +Electricity Generated by Type[Geothermal]+Electricity Generated by Type[Hydro])/Total Supply ~ Dmnl ~ Proportion of electricity that are considered renewable. | "Rate of Time Preference (RTP)"= 0.03 ~ 1/Year ~ This is the weight given to the satisfaction of societal needs across \ generations. The value for this constant is based on Fiddaman 1997 and \ Moallemi et. al. 2017. A RTP of 0 signifies equal welfare treatment of all \ generations while a RTP of 0.03 causes a resultant discount factor that \ factors the current generation's needs more. | Relative Social Need for Energy Diversity= ZIDZ("Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)",Desired State for EDI) ~ Dmnl ~ This ratio represents how far the current energy diversity index is from \ the desired levels of energy diversity. Due to the nature of what HHI \ represents, a larger HHI value signifies that energy is less diverse and \ less secure. To thus reflect this as social needs ( > 1), the ratio of \ current to desired is used. Ratios larger than 1 represent that the \ current is actually less diverse than the desired while values smaller \ than 1 represent current state as more diverse than the desired. | Relative Social Need for Energy Job Creation= ZIDZ(Desired GJC,"Gross Jobs Created (GJC)") ~ Dmnl ~ This ratio represents how far the current job creation are from the desired job \ creation levels. To thus reflect this as social needs ( > 1), the ratio of desired to \ current is used. Ratios larger than 1 represent that the current job \ available for the energy sector is higher than the desired. | Relative Social Need for GHG Emissions= ZIDZ(Current GHG Emissions,Desired GHG Emissions) ~ Dmnl ~ The ratio between current and desired GHG emissions to give a relative \ scale if we are above or below what is desired. If the current GHG is \ higher than the Desired (Ratio > 1), a social need is thus generated. | Ref Year for Inflation Normalization= 2010 ~ Year ~ Year that the overnight investment cost is used. | Reference Energy Diversity Index= 5000 ~ Dmnl ~ Benchmarked against countries such as Sri Lanka and Taiwan within the high \ diversity groups reported in Ioannidis et al. 2019. \ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148119306391?via%3Di\ hub | "Sensitivity of Price to Demand-Supply Balance"= Max(0, Renewable Electricity Proportion*2) ~ Dmnl ~ Electricity generation is centrally planned with years in advance and with \ extra reserve power planned as well. It is expected that the effect of \ demand and supply would play a stronger effect when renewables play a \ larger role and the energy landscape is less dependent on the generally \ more stable fossil fuels generating plants. | Sensitivity of Price to LCOE= Max(0, Renewable Electricity Proportion) ~ Dmnl ~ Price sensitivity value are estimated based on proportion of renewables \ introduced into the market. Production cost reliability data is expected \ to be less reliable than demand and supply balance information in the \ market. | Proportion Per Generating Type[Energy Source Type]= (Electricity Generated by Type[Energy Source Type]/Total Supply)*100 ~ Dmnl ~ Proportion of energy produced by type, expressed as percentage points \ instead of decimals. | Short Run Demand Forecast= "Perceived Present Demand (PPD)"*(1+"Demand Trend (DT)")*"Time Horizon for Short Run Demand Forecast (THSDF)" ~ h*kW/Year ~ This is the estimated year ahead electricity demand that is useful for \ price determinant effects. | Table for Capacity Utilisation[Local Natural Gas Fired]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,0),(0.1,0),(0.2,0),(0.3,0),(0.4,0),(0.5,0.0188),(0.6,0.117),(0.7,0.315\ ),(0.822811,0.881517),(0.9,0.977),(1,1),(1.1,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Local Waste to Energy]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,0),(0.1,0),(0.2,0),(0.3,0),(0.4,0.00952),(0.5,0.0444),(0.6,0.127),\ (0.7,0.311),(0.8,0.454),(0.9,0.619),(1,0.902),(1.1,0.987),(1.2,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1\ )) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Local Solar PV]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Onshore Wind]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Geothermal]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,0),(0.4,0.00952),(0.4,0),(0.5,0.0444),(0.6,0.127),(0.7,0.311),(0.8\ ,0.454),(0.9,0.619),(1,0.902),(1.1,0.987),(1.2,1),(2,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Hydro]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,0),(0.1,0),(0.6,0),(0.7,0),(0.8,0.103),(0.9,0.493),(1,0.911),(1.1,\ 0.981),(1.2,1),(1.3,1),(1.4,1),(1.5,1),(1.6,1),(1.7,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Solar PV]( [(0,0)-(20,1)],(0,1),(2,1),(5,1),(20,1)) ~~| Table for Capacity Utilisation[Overseas Nuclear]( [(0,0.8)-(20,1)],(0,0.85),(0.1,0.887),(0.2,0.915),(0.3,0.944),(0.4,0.967),(0.5,0.991\ ),(0.6,1),(20,1)) ~ Dmnl ~ Table function data for how capacity utilisation would shift according to \ the profitability of production. Flexible energy sources. Reference data \ obtained from documentation used in Kubli 2014. Local Waste to Energy is \ equivalent to capacity utilisation[thermal] and Overseas Hydro is \ equivalent to capacity_utilisation[dam] in Kubli 2014. | Table for CSN on BII[Local Natural Gas Fired]( [(0,0)-(10,1)],(0,0),(1,1),(10,1)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Local Waste to Energy]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Local Solar PV]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Overseas Onshore Wind]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Overseas Geothermal]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Overseas Hydro]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Overseas Solar PV]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~~| Table for CSN on BII[Overseas Nuclear]( [(0,0)-(10,2)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(10,2)) ~ Dmnl ~ Table values of investment rate for different generator types, dependent \ on the normalized cumulative social need as input value. | Table for CSN on RARI( [(0,0)-(5,9)],(0,0),(1,1),(2,2),(5,5)) ~ Dmnl ~ This is similar to the lookup table of the effect of normalized cumulative \ social need on the adjustment to the carbon tax rate. In the event that \ the Normalized CSN is not met (Normalized CSN > 1), there then should be \ an effect to increase the rate of renewable project approval rate. On the \ other end, if Normalized CSN is met, (Normalized CSN < 1), then there is \ no need to further increase the rate in which renewable projects are \ approved. | Table for Normalized EDI on Desired( [(0,0)-(2,1)],(0,1),(1,1),(2,0.3)) ~ Dmnl ~ Table function for the effect of the internal value of EDI benchmarked \ against a target EDI of 5000. In cases where the internal target is less \ than or equal to the benchmark, this signifies a more diverse current \ market. The output effect is thus kept at 1 as it is assumed that there is \ no need to accelerate diversity once Singapore has outperformed the \ benchmark. In cases where diversity is more than the benchmark, this \ signifies a less diverse current market. The output effect is thus lower \ than 1 so that the desired goal be a value lower than the current. | Table for Normalized GHG on Desired( [(0,0)-(5,1)],(0,1),(1,1),(2,0.1),(5,0.1)) ~ Dmnl ~ Table function for the effect of the internal value of GHG Emissions \ benchmarked against Singapore to UN NDC Target. In cases where the \ internal target is less than or equal to the benchmark, this signifies an \ emission that has reach a lower than targeted level. The output effect is \ thus kept at 1 as it is assumed that there is no need to accelerate \ emissions lowering once Singapore has outperformed the benchmark. In cases \ where emissions is more than the benchmark, this signifies that there \ should be pressure to lower the desired from the current. The output \ effect when that occurs is thus to have a factor < 1, till a mimimum of \ 0.1 as seting it to 0 then creates a target of zero emissions for the \ country, which seems to be unrealistic in the short term measure for goal \ setting. | Table for Normalized GJC( [(0,0)-(2,2)],(0,2),(1,1),(2,1)) ~ Dmnl ~ | Target GHG Adjustment Time= 5 ~ Year ~ This the adjustment time for the internal target for GHG emissions. Policy \ makers might assume that refreshing the target too often might not be \ useful so the target is estimated to adjust every 5 years. | Targets for GJC= INTEG ( Change in NJC, "Gross Jobs Created (GJC)") ~ Job/Year ~ This is the internal target of the Net Job creation. This is modelled \ similarly to Moallemi et. al. 2017. Broadly modelled as a hill climbing \ optimization (p. 539 Sterman 2000) approach but the feedback from the \ desired state does not affect the state that directly. | "Technical Availability (Local)"[Local Generator]= (Local Installed Capacity[Local Generator]*Capacity Factor[Local Generator])*(1-Grid Losses\ )*Hours per Year ~ MW*h/Year ~ Technical availability of each generator capability within Singapore. | "Technical Availability (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator]= (Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Generator]*Capacity Factor[Overseas Generator]\ )*(1-Grid Losses)*Hours per Year ~ MW*h/Year ~ Technical availability of each generator capability outside Singapore. | "Time Horizon for Reference Demand (THRD)"= 10 ~ Year ~ This time horizon should be longer than TPPD and TCRD as it is a forecast \ measure for decades. A longer time horizon also reduces the effects of \ short term noises. 10 years is used as the assumption here as reports for \ demand forecasts show forecasts up to 10 years ahead like the Singapore \ Energy Market Outlook. \ https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Singapore_Electricity_Market_Outlook_2018_F\ inal_rev11Jan2019.pdf | "Time Horizon for Short Run Demand Forecast (THSDF)"= 1 ~ Year ~ This is used for the formation of short run demand supply ratio which has \ a more immediate impact on price as compared to the long run demand supply \ ratio that is used for central planning and target purposes. | "Time to Perceive Demand Trend (TPDT)"= 2 ~ Year ~ Time delay in perceiving real trends. Estimated at 2 years, similar to \ figures reported in Moallemi et. al. 2017. | "Time to Perceive Present Demand (TPPD)"= 3 ~ Year ~ Present demand requires time to collect data and make accurate measures as \ there are changes within the society that are hard to measure, like actual \ efficiency savings of new measures etc. | "Investment Cost (Local)"[Local Generator]= Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Local Generator] ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ Subrange of time-value cost of investment for local generators | "Investment Cost (Overseas)"[Overseas Generator]= Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost[Overseas Generator] ~ USD/(MW*Year) ~ Subrange of time-value cost of investment for overseas generators. | Total Supply= SUM(Electricity Generated by Type[Energy Source Type!]) ~ MW*h/Year ~ Total electricity generated. | Weight of LCOE on Supply Profit Forecast= 0.25 ~ Dmnl ~ Used to determine the weight that LCOE is used in determine future profits \ as compared to the forecast of energy price. Reference from Vogstad 2004 \ eq. 9.1. | ******************************************************** .Control ********************************************************~ Simulation Control Parameters | FINAL TIME = 2100 ~ Year ~ The final time for the simulation. | INITIAL TIME = 2010 ~ Year ~ The initial time for the simulation. | SAVEPER = TIME STEP ~ Year [0,?] ~ The frequency with which output is stored. | TIME STEP = 0.0625 ~ Year [0,?] ~ The time step for the simulation. | \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[1] Pricing $255-255-255,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Trader's Expected Price,958,688,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,2,48,1135,682,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,3,5,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1033,689)| 1,4,5,2,68,0,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(1103,689)| 11,5,48,1075,689,6,8,34,3,0,0,3,0,0,0 10,6,Changes to Energy Price,1075,667,34,14,40,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,7,Time to Adjust Trader's Expected Price,1118,729,46,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,8,7,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1054,691)| 10,9,Effect of LCOE on Price,961,456,41,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,10,"Effect of Short Term Demand-Supply Balance on Price",1127,503,64,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,11,Sensitivity of Price to LCOE,1169,389,36,20,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,12,"Sensitivity of Price to Demand-Supply Balance",1263,410,65,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,13,11,9,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1080,399)| 1,14,12,10,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1157,466)| 10,15,Energy Price,1073,552,38,6,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,16,1,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1061,636)| 10,17,LCOE,908,378,18,8,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 10,18,Overnight Investment Cost,507,344,49,16,8,131,1,8,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,|14||0-0-255 10,19,"Time Adjusted Fixed O&M Cost",787,215,45,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,20,19,17,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(864,259)| 10,21,Capacity Factor,816,277,35,19,8,131,1,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,22,21,17,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(841,295)| 10,23,Capital Recovery Factor,634,412,43,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,24,Fuel Cost in USD per MWh,982,338,37,19,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,25,Heat Rate,1074,221,26,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,26,"Time Adjusted Variable O&M Cost",660,329,52,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,27,24,17,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(940,352)| 1,28,26,17,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(776,360)| 10,29,Hours per Year,778,305,38,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,30,29,17,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(808,328)| 10,31,Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost,648,368,52,21,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 10,32,Time,323,151,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,33,Inflation Rate,384,198,41,9,8,131,1,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||255-0-0 10,34,Capacity Average Lifetime,513,378,49,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,35,34,23,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(569,407)| 10,36,Depreciated Investment Cost DIC,748,451,46,24,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,37,31,36,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(699,380)| 1,38,36,17,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(819,403)| 1,39,23,36,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(705,453)| 10,40,Fuel Price Database,846,44,50,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,41,Expected Fuel Price,1001,240,36,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,42,41,24,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(993,279)| 1,43,25,24,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1036,268)| 10,44,MBtu to Btu,934,216,25,14,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,45,44,24,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(945,275)| 10,46,Renewable Electricity Proportion,1312,345,39,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,47,46,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1239,348)| 1,48,46,12,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1294,379)| 10,49,Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio,1301,495,42,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,50,49,10,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1234,487)| 10,51,"Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)",1293,227,47,21,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,52,Carbon Tax Payable,1143,262,42,17,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,53,51,52,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1222,242)| 10,54,Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator,1257,123,61,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,55,54,52,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1231,181)| 10,56,kg to g,1188,158,19,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,57,56,52,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1184,180)| 10,58,kW to MW,1329,264,36,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,59,58,52,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1245,263)| 10,60,Indicated Price,1100,600,52,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,61,15,60,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1090,570)| 1,62,60,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1094,622)| 10,63,Ref Year for Inflation Normalization,148,176,56,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,64,Fuel Price Lookback Period,1169,66,44,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,65,Fuel Price Forward Period,1126,109,43,16,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,66,64,41,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1046,129)| 1,67,65,41,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1049,175)| 10,68,Expected Carbon Tax,1126,322,49,15,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,69,52,68,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1133,284)| 10,70,Time,1265,297,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,71,70,68,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1216,305)| 10,72,GDP,1394,585,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,73,Relative Energy Price to GDP,1241,550,42,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,74,72,73,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1293,578)| 10,75,Input Demand,1389,543,44,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,76,75,73,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1320,546)| 10,77,kW to MW,1395,646,36,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,78,77,73,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1303,612)| 1,79,68,24,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1061,375)| 10,80,"Reference Variable O&M Cost",526,200,57,16,8,131,1,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-255 1,81,80,26,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(588,260)| 10,82,"Reference Fixed O&M Cost",629,145,62,16,8,131,1,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-255 1,83,82,19,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(703,178)| 10,84,Expected Variable Costs,644,200,37,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,85,21,84,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(734,240)| 1,86,29,84,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(720,259)| 1,87,19,84,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(718,207)| 1,88,26,84,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(652,271)| 10,89,Fuel Cost in USD per MWh,696,281,46,23,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,90,89,84,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(670,241)| 10,91,Expected Variable Costs,1201,621,42,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,92,91,60,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1116,588)| 1,93,1,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(842,565)| 10,94,Reserve Capacity Requirements,1428,400,51,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,95,Reference Demand Capacity Ratio,1264,455,49,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,96,94,95,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1358,435)| 1,97,95,10,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1212,473)| 10,98,Representative LCOE,885,425,39,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,99,17,98,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(901,392)| 10,100,Electricity Generated by Source,724,484,57,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,101,98,9,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(944,421)| 1,102,15,73,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1148,551)| 10,103,"Fuel Price (with Noise)",906,130,58,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,104,40,103,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(871,81)| 10,105,Time,926,77,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,106,105,103,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(918,96)| 1,107,103,41,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(945,176)| 10,108,Weight Average Cost of Capital,483,417,41,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,109,108,23,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(550,414)| 10,110,Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate,270,230,44,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,111,63,110,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(210,203)| 1,112,32,110,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(302,181)| 1,113,33,110,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(339,210)| 1,114,18,31,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(569,354)| 10,115,Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate,493,279,47,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,116,115,31,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(557,316)| 1,117,115,26,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(569,302)| 10,118,Fuel at Last Database Time,757,64,39,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,119,118,103,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(831,97)| 10,120,EIA AEO Forecast Rate,394,116,38,17,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,121,Yearly Fuel Increase Adjustment Rate,276,83,53,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,122,32,121,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(305,125)| 1,123,120,121,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(347,103)| 10,124,Ref Year for EIA AEO Forecast,137,118,44,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,125,124,121,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(195,103)| 10,126,Yearly Fuel Increase Adjustment Rate,777,136,57,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,127,126,103,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(834,133)| 10,128,Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate,816,168,47,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,129,128,103,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(861,148)| 10,130,Year Unit Normalize,567,486,33,16,8,131,2,0,-1,0,0,0 1,131,130,23,0,2,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(596,453)| 10,132,Year Unit Normalize,980,38,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,133,132,103,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(947,78)| 10,134,Year Unit Normalize,224,149,47,14,8,130,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,135,134,121,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(245,121)| 1,136,134,110,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(242,183)| 10,137,Year Unit Normalize,1259,603,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,138,137,73,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1253,586)| 10,139,Effected Price for Each Technology,950,514,41,17,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,140,9,139,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(957,476)| 1,141,10,139,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1033,508)| 1,142,1,139,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(888,592)| 10,143,Demand Curve,120,595,39,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,144,Supply Curve pType,369,520,52,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,145,Effected Price for Each Technology,624,513,49,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,146,Supply Curve pWidth,413,594,44,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,147,Supply Curve pExtra,411,623,42,15,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,148,Supply Curve,288,594,35,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,149,144,148,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(333,552)| 1,150,146,148,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(353,594)| 1,151,147,148,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(351,609)| 10,152,Unit Price,561,634,27,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,153,Supply Curve pPriority,420,556,58,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,154,153,148,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(360,573)| 10,155,"Input Demand (Subscripted)",145,716,41,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,156,Technologically Available Electricity,318,717,53,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,157,"Technical Availability (Local)",449,757,45,21,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,158,"Technical Availability (Overseas)",360,766,32,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,159,157,156,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(386,716)| 10,160,Market Clearing Priority,222,653,41,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,161,143,160,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(183,601)| 1,162,155,160,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(193,689)| 1,163,156,160,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(252,698)| 1,164,148,160,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(249,611)| 10,165,Amount Supplied,359,662,39,19,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,166,148,165,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(317,606)| 1,167,156,165,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(324,666)| 10,168,Market Clearing Price,436,796,47,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,169,160,168,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(265,752)| 1,170,152,168,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(546,750)| 10,171,Market Clearing Price,931,779,41,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,172,158,156,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(308,766)| 10,173,Bid Price,689,590,25,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,174,173,153,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(582,548)| 10,175,Distribution Cost,678,698,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,176,Safety Margin,617,668,39,19,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,177,Value of Lost Load,782,694,48,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,178,152,153,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(496,598)| 10,179,Estimated Energy Price,639,794,59,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,180,168,179,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(524,795)| 1,182,1,173,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(808,660)| 1,183,177,173,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(740,647)| 10,185,Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate,766,787,47,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,186,185,175,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(726,747)| 10,187,Extra Value for Waste to Energy,1071,293,43,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,188,187,24,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1015,338)| 1,189,128,19,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(805,185)| 1,190,128,24,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(891,245)| 1,191,145,173,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(676,524)| 10,192,Estimated Energy Price,928,742,37,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,193,Estimated Energy Price,982,565,37,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,194,193,15,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1044,537)| 10,195,Total Amount Supplied,513,678,44,19,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,196,165,195,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(409,658)| 10,197,Amount Demanded,69,663,49,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,198,143,197,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(98,623)| 1,199,155,197,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(108,690)| 1,210,175,173,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(682,647)| 1,211,175,179,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(660,742)| 1,212,179,197,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(360,730)| 1,213,179,165,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(516,735)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[2] Demand and Supply Balance $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,"Reference Demand (RD)",362,37,40,20,3,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 12,2,48,180,38,10,8,0,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,3,5,1,4,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(283,38)| 1,4,5,2,68,1,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(211,38)| 11,5,48,238,38,6,8,34,3,1,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,"Change in Reference Demand (CRD)",238,60,54,14,40,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,7,1,6,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(304,80)| 10,8,"Time Horizon for Reference Demand (THRD)",343,149,49,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,9,8,6,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(266,98)| 10,10,"Perceived Present Demand (PPD)",410,263,47,26,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,11,"Demand Trend (DT)",732,157,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,12,10,6,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(271,194)| 12,13,48,245,256,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,14,15,13,68,0,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(279,256)| 11,15,48,309,256,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,16,Change in PPD,309,278,53,14,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,17,10,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(357,315)| 12,18,48,576,153,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,19,21,11,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(660,153)| 1,20,21,18,68,0,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(601,153)| 11,21,48,623,153,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,22,"Change in Demand Trend (CDT)",623,175,50,14,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,23,"Indicated Demand Trend (IDT)",467,144,47,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,24,8,23,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(421,159)| 10,25,Input Demand,312,351,37,8,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,26,25,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(285,320)| 1,27,23,22,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(586,189)| 1,28,11,22,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(686,195)| 1,29,10,23,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(455,205)| 10,30,"Time to Perceive Demand Trend (TPDT)",657,65,60,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,31,30,22,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(611,109)| 1,32,1,23,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(450,68)| 10,33,"Time to Perceive Present Demand (TPPD)",164,258,44,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,34,33,16,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(224,256)| 10,35,Population Based Electricity Demand,126,514,50,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,36,Electricity Demand Per Capita,66,581,50,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,37,36,35,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(109,554)| 10,38,Population,155,610,41,22,3,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,39,38,35,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(177,551)| 12,40,48,158,719,10,8,0,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,41,43,38,4,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(157,648)| 1,42,43,40,68,1,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(157,695)| 11,43,48,157,672,6,8,34,3,1,0,4,0,0,0 10,44,Change in Population,206,672,43,13,40,131,1,0,-1,0,0,0 10,45,Demand After Changes,402,399,59,8,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,46,45,25,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(381,369)| 10,47,Initial Population,97,649,44,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,48,47,38,1,0,0,0,0,128,1,-1--1--1,,1|(139,649)| 10,49,Relative Social Need for DSB,1086,452,66,21,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 10,50,Desired State for Demand Supply Balance,1196,600,57,25,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,51,"Internal Target for Demand Supply Balance (ITDSB)",1371,445,48,28,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,52,48,1191,448,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,53,55,51,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1295,448)| 1,54,55,52,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1228,448)| 11,55,48,1262,448,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,56,Change in ITDSB,1262,464,46,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,57,51,50,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1345,525)| 1,58,50,49,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1107,527)| 10,59,Change in ITDSB Adjustment Time,1154,522,47,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,60,59,56,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1220,504)| 1,61,51,56,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1300,503)| 10,62,Reserve Capacity Requirements,1100,665,48,14,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,63,62,50,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1166,607)| 1,64,38,44,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(197,623)| 10,65,Short Run Demand Forecast,617,275,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,66,"Time Horizon for Short Run Demand Forecast (THSDF)",502,330,60,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,67,10,65,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(507,268)| 1,68,66,65,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(596,319)| 10,69,Peak Demand to Average Demand Ratio,647,352,45,17,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,70,Hours per Year,909,231,45,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,71,Short Term Peak Demand Forecast,821,321,46,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,72,65,71,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(711,295)| 1,73,70,71,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(872,253)| 1,74,69,71,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(726,337)| 10,75,Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio,1096,330,70,22,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 1,76,71,75,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(912,299)| 10,77,Baseline Electricity Demand by Sectors,230,393,50,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,78,Demand Sector Proportion,64,460,40,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,79,35,77,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(188,453)| 1,80,78,77,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(140,429)| 1,81,77,45,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(261,405)| 10,82,Population Growth Rate,317,684,48,18,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,83,82,44,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(258,676)| 10,84,kW to MW,917,178,29,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,85,23,11,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(596,150)| 1,86,75,49,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1080,384)| 1,87,75,56,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1221,357)| 1,88,75,51,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(1229,385)| 1,89,84,71,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(846,228)| 1,90,11,65,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(710,223)| 10,91,Maximum Excess Supply Proportion,1361,666,48,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,92,91,50,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1295,639)| 10,93,Demand Before Changes,77,346,41,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,94,77,93,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(130,377)| 10,95,Total Supply,1067,201,40,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,96,Population Growth Rate,511,229,37,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,97,Population Growth Rate,495,40,37,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,98,97,1,0,0,0,0,0,128,1,-1--1--1,,1|(436,38)| 1,99,96,10,0,0,0,0,0,128,1,-1--1--1,,1|(472,241)| 1,100,35,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(238,284)| 1,101,8,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(350,99)| 1,102,33,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(258,152)| 1,103,35,10,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(255,399)| 1,104,33,10,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(278,259)| 1,105,15,10,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(339,256)| 10,106,Input Demand,1203,239,44,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,107,Basic Demand Supply Ratio,1193,303,38,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,108,95,107,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1120,244)| 1,109,106,107,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1199,261)| 1,110,84,107,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1041,234)| 10,111,Industry Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030,254,441,44,24,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,112,Building Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030,462,480,49,23,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,113,Household Demand Savings Rate 2010 to 2030,359,491,52,25,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,114,Industry Demand Savings Rate 2030 onwards,265,518,48,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,115,Household Demand Savings Rate 2030 Onwards,379,557,52,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,116,Building Demand Saving Rates 2030 Onwards,506,549,48,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,117,Time,657,445,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,118,111,45,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(328,419)| 1,119,114,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(323,443)| 1,120,113,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(389,438)| 1,121,115,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(414,464)| 1,122,112,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(431,429)| 1,123,116,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(505,466)| 1,124,117,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(554,404)| 10,125,"Light-Duty Electric Vehicles",626,574,47,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,126,Average Demand Per EV,575,509,45,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,127,Transport Sector Electricity Demand Growth,564,448,50,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,128,126,127,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(575,481)| 1,129,125,127,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(611,510)| 1,130,127,45,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(479,410)| 10,131,Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives,656,401,52,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,132,131,45,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(504,381)| 10,133,Increased Demand from Public Transport,743,538,55,25,3,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 12,134,48,745,412,10,8,0,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,135,137,133,4,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(745,487)| 1,136,137,134,100,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(745,434)| 11,137,48,745,455,8,6,33,3,1,0,4,0,0,0 10,138,Annual Change in Public Transport Demand,799,455,46,20,40,131,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,139,133,127,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(655,494)| 10,140,Public Transport Demand Growth 2010 to 2030,857,545,57,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,141,Public Transport Demand Growth 2030 Onwards,917,501,57,21,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,142,141,138,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(858,462)| 1,143,140,138,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(831,505)| 1,144,131,138,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(716,423)| 1,145,117,138,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(708,448)| 10,146,Demand Supply Perception Time,922,358,64,14,8,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,147,146,75,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(998,329)| 10,148,Average Instantaneous Capacity,1036,265,59,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,149,95,148,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1056,223)| 1,150,70,148,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(953,243)| 1,151,148,75,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1056,288)| 10,152,Desired Total Capacity Required,923,440,38,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,153,71,152,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(867,375)| 1,154,62,152,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1015,558)| 10,155,"Proportion of Wind & Solar Produced",997,399,54,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,156,155,152,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(966,416)| 10,157,"Input Demand (Subscripted)",173,301,37,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,158,25,157,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(239,342)| 10,159,kW to MW,81,277,36,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,160,159,157,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(109,300)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[3] Infrastructure Investment $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 11,1,0,614,259,6,8,38,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,2,Change in Investment,614,283,44,16,40,131,0,2,-1,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 10,3,Effect of Generation Profit,676,452,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,4,Investment Attractiveness of Sources,488,363,44,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,5,Profit Consideration Horizon,643,508,52,20,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,6,5,3,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(651,474)| 1,7,3,4,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(584,382)| 10,8,Future Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure,380,42,68,18,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,9,Annual Investment in Electricity Infrastructure,431,146,63,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,10,Resource Limits,233,479,43,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,11,Local Installed Capacity,275,533,42,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,12,Overseas Installed Capacity,422,533,50,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,13,LCOE,810,507,25,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,14,13,3,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(714,499)| 10,15,"Future Market Energy Price (FMEP)",963,440,56,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,16,Long Term Generator Price Forecast,828,423,48,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,17,15,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(894,407)| 1,18,13,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(842,472)| 10,19,Weight of LCOE on Supply Profit Forecast,877,335,58,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,20,19,16,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(856,372)| 1,21,16,3,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(748,413)| 10,22,GDP,593,169,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,23,22,9,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(511,145)| 12,24,48,596,66,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,25,27,22,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(598,135)| 1,26,27,24,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(598,89)| 11,27,48,598,113,6,8,34,3,0,0,4,0,0,0 10,28,Change in GDP,644,113,40,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,29,22,28,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(629,145)| 10,30,Energy Price Lookback Period,1052,538,44,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,31,Energy Price Forward Period,1003,593,41,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,32,30,15,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1012,494)| 1,33,31,15,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(984,523)| 10,34,Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion,339,574,47,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,35,Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion,533,572,56,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,36,"Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)",268,345,52,25,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,37,Energy Price,883,545,35,18,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,38,Desired Capacity Technology Cost,357,223,45,22,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,39,Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost,234,174,56,21,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,40,39,38,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(292,197)| 10,41,Investment Demand Priority,399,277,44,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,42,36,41,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(337,308)| 1,43,4,41,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(445,321)| 10,44,Investment in Each Technology,493,233,50,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,45,38,44,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(415,226)| 1,46,41,44,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(439,257)| 1,47,9,44,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(457,183)| 1,48,44,2,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(547,273)| 10,49,Desired Local Capacity,222,224,40,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,50,Desired Overseas Capacity,235,264,49,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,51,49,38,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(280,223)| 1,52,50,38,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(287,246)| 10,53,GDP Growth Rate,727,74,41,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,54,53,28,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(685,93)| 10,55,Time,395,329,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,56,55,41,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(395,312)| 10,57,Total Spent Per Year,812,262,58,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,58,Cumulative Expenditure,872,183,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,59,57,58,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(832,234)| 10,60,Year Unit Normalize,393,486,59,8,8,2,2,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,61,Yearly Inflation Adjustment Rate,957,263,47,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,62,61,58,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(923,230)| 10,63,Remaining Resource Ratio,360,410,40,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,64,10,63,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(289,447)| 1,65,11,63,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(313,477)| 1,66,34,63,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(348,495)| 1,67,12,63,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(394,477)| 1,68,35,63,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(447,492)| 10,69,Year Unit Normalize,181,427,59,8,8,2,2,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,70,69,63,0,2,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(273,418)| 1,71,63,4,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(414,389)| 10,72,Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure,357,107,63,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,73,72,9,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(387,123)| 1,74,8,72,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(370,69)| 10,75,Time,268,57,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,76,75,72,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(300,75)| 10,77,Reference Energy Price,898,483,59,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,78,37,77,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(889,515)| 10,79,Year Unit Normalize,898,505,59,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,80,79,77,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(898,501)| 1,81,77,15,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(919,468)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[4] Capacity $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,63,0 10,1,Local Capacities Waiting for Build Completion,556,662,51,29,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 12,2,48,356,660,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,3,5,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(470,665)| 1,4,5,2,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(394,665)| 11,5,48,429,665,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,"Local Order Rate (LOR)",429,690,45,14,40,131,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,7,Local Installed Capacity,827,662,48,27,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 1,8,10,7,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(736,662)| 1,9,10,1,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(644,662)| 11,10,1500,687,662,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,11,Local Construction Completion,687,688,40,18,40,131,0,0,-1,0,0,0 12,12,48,1013,664,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,13,15,12,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(971,664)| 1,14,15,7,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(901,664)| 11,15,48,933,664,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,16,Local Capacity Depreciation Rate,933,689,63,17,40,131,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,17,1,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(619,711)| 1,18,7,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(889,611)| 10,19,"Desired Local Capacity Acquisition Rate (DLCAR)",710,949,60,21,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,20,Adjustment for Local Installed Capacity,825,771,53,23,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,21,7,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(831,705)| 1,22,20,19,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(809,826)| 10,23,Indicated Local Order Capacity,397,781,45,18,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,24,19,23,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(402,854)| 1,25,23,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(408,724)| 10,26,"Adjustment for Local Waiting Capacities (ALWC)",536,765,55,21,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,27,1,26,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(556,708)| 10,28,Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time,527,831,56,22,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,29,28,26,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(540,798)| 10,30,Capacity Average Lifetime,1042,549,46,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,31,30,16,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1009,617)| 10,32,Overseas Capacities Waiting for Build Completion,552,421,50,31,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 10,33,Overseas Installed Capacity,818,424,51,30,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 1,34,36,33,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(728,423)| 1,35,36,32,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(640,423)| 11,36,1548,684,423,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,37,Overseas Construction Completion,684,452,34,21,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 12,38,48,1012,430,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,39,41,38,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(971,430)| 1,40,41,33,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(899,430)| 11,41,48,935,430,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,42,Overseas Capacity Depreciation Rate,935,452,48,14,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,43,30,42,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(993,503)| 12,44,48,366,415,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,45,47,32,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(473,415)| 1,46,47,44,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(404,415)| 11,47,48,439,415,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,48,Overseas Order Rate,439,431,52,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,49,"Adjustment for Overeas Waiting Capacities (AOWC)",593,278,61,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,50,Net Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time,651,206,58,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,51,50,49,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(596,248)| 10,52,Indicated Overseas Order Capacity,442,208,49,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,53,49,52,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(528,221)| 10,54,Adjustment for Overseas Installed Capacity,870,294,47,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,55,33,54,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(871,351)| 10,56,"Desired Overseas Capacity Acquisition Rate (DOCAR)",748,68,67,21,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,57,54,56,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(895,141)| 1,58,56,52,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(548,87)| 1,59,33,42,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(893,501)| 10,60,Overseas Acquisition Lag,703,359,42,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,61,60,37,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(723,398)| 10,62,Local Acquisition Lag,682,747,56,8,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,63,62,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(680,710)| 1,64,32,49,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(612,363)| 10,65,"Desired Local Waiting Capacities (DLWC)",707,812,58,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,66,65,26,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(614,817)| 10,67,"Desired Overseas Waiting Capacity (DOWC)",720,275,45,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,68,67,49,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(665,306)| 1,69,19,65,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(723,880)| 1,70,62,65,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(697,769)| 1,71,60,67,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(721,323)| 1,72,56,67,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(813,175)| 10,73,Desired Local Capacity,1115,750,56,21,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,74,73,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(971,770)| 10,75,Desired Overseas Capacity,1131,290,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,76,75,54,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(993,278)| 11,77,3004,684,423,6,8,2,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 1,78,77,33,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(728,423)| 1,79,77,32,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(640,423)| 1,80,32,37,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(633,401)| 10,81,Change in Investment,84,536,33,14,8,2,0,2,-1,0,0,0,255-128-0,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,82,Time Adjusted Overnight Investment Cost,201,533,46,14,8,2,0,2,-1,0,0,0,255-128-0,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,83,16,19,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(928,903)| 1,84,42,56,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1009,234)| 1,85,26,23,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(468,772)| 10,86,Local Change in Investment,163,616,43,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,87,Overseas Change in Investment,138,462,52,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,88,81,86,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(104,574)| 1,89,81,87,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(96,494)| 10,90,"Investment Cost (Local)",264,611,42,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,91,"Investment Cost (Overseas)",238,464,42,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,92,82,91,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(209,497)| 1,93,82,90,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(215,573)| 10,94,Perception Delay for Capacity Adjustment,938,341,54,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,95,94,54,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(932,300)| 10,96,Perception Delay for Capacity Adjustment,885,851,57,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,97,96,20,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(862,821)| 10,98,"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)",483,893,59,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,99,98,28,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(505,852)| 10,100,"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)",588,129,59,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,101,100,50,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(619,145)| 10,102,Base Overseas Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time,726,132,59,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,103,102,50,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(692,147)| 10,104,Base Local Waiting Capacities Adjustment Time,639,867,58,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,105,104,28,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(593,831)| 10,106,Population Growth Rate,510,712,53,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,107,Year When Overseas Generators are Allowed,218,206,71,16,8,3,0,10,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-255 10,108,Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas,381,296,59,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,109,Actual Proportion Overseas,600,549,46,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,110,Total Waiting and Installed Capacities,808,550,51,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,111,Total Local Waiting and Installed Capacities,685,586,61,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,112,Total Overseas Waiting and Installed Capacities,685,500,61,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,113,32,112,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(593,494)| 1,114,33,112,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(777,489)| 1,115,1,111,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(599,595)| 1,116,7,111,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(756,595)| 1,117,112,110,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(770,525)| 1,118,111,110,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(779,569)| 10,119,Duration to Achieve Overseas Capacity,350,167,52,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,120,Final Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas,254,120,49,21,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,121,107,108,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(294,248)| 1,122,119,108,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(363,224)| 1,123,120,108,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(315,205)| 1,124,110,109,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(708,549)| 1,125,112,109,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(648,521)| 10,126,Total Local Installed Capacities,922,574,50,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,127,7,126,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(840,602)| 10,128,Desired Total Capacity Required,1176,492,48,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,129,Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas,1338,486,46,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,130,128,73,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1147,610)| 1,131,129,73,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1231,612)| 10,132,Desired Local Generating Proportions,1251,791,37,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,133,132,73,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1199,775)| 10,134,Desired Overseas Generating Proportions,1241,220,60,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,135,128,75,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1155,397)| 1,136,129,75,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1235,389)| 1,137,134,75,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1164,238)| 10,138,"Investment Based Expected Order Rate (Local)",218,699,54,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,139,86,138,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(160,647)| 1,140,90,138,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(245,645)| 10,141,"Investment Tied Order Rate (Overseas)",228,384,58,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,142,87,141,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(155,422)| 1,143,91,141,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(234,430)| 10,144,Expected Overseas Order Capacity,436,367,49,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,145,108,144,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(403,325)| 1,146,52,144,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(439,280)| 1,147,144,48,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(436,395)| 10,148,Time,591,911,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,149,148,28,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(568,883)| 10,150,Total Local Spent Each Year,370,606,46,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,151,82,150,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(275,574)| 1,152,6,150,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(386,651)| 10,153,Total Spent Overseas Each Year,360,479,51,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,154,82,153,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(265,495)| 1,155,48,153,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(390,446)| 10,156,"Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion",1455,211,58,21,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,157,156,134,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1356,214)| 1,158,30,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(808,602)| 1,159,62,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(640,718)| 1,160,7,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(700,662)| 1,161,28,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(539,756)| 1,162,106,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(520,699)| 1,163,138,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(339,722)| 1,164,141,48,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(337,407)| 10,165,GDP,407,567,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,166,Total Spent Per Year,406,541,34,16,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,167,153,166,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(377,503)| 1,168,150,166,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(383,580)| 10,169,Year Unit Normalize,134,775,59,8,8,2,4,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,170,169,138,0,4,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(162,748)| 10,171,Year Unit Normalize,202,323,59,8,8,2,4,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,172,171,141,0,4,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(210,344)| 10,173,Year Unit Normalize,311,659,59,8,8,2,4,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,174,173,150,0,4,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(331,640)| 10,175,Year Unit Normalize,360,507,59,8,8,2,4,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,176,175,153,0,4,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(360,503)| 10,177,Remaining Resource Ratio,275,763,44,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,178,177,6,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(356,741)| 10,179,Remaining Resource Ratio,292,338,44,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,180,179,48,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(364,383)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[5] Generation $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Overseas Installed Capacity,258,339,78,13,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,2,Local Installed Capacity,262,49,86,11,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,3,LCOE,366,517,25,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,4,Incentive to Generate,499,470,54,16,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,5,3,4,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(465,514)| 10,6,Total Supply,718,279,33,8,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 10,7,Grid Losses,208,214,31,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,8,Electricity Generated by Type,609,221,49,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,9,8,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(637,262)| 10,10,Renewable Electricity Proportion,898,227,39,20,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,11,8,10,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(735,121)| 1,12,6,10,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(835,288)| 10,13,Capacity Utilisation,528,402,50,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,14,13,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(593,315)| 10,15,Table for Capacity Utilisation,383,428,48,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,16,4,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(525,428)| 1,17,15,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(447,410)| 10,18,Capacity Factor,336,207,52,13,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,19,Hours per Year,448,200,45,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,20,"Technical Availability (Local)",422,103,59,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,21,2,20,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(330,72)| 1,22,18,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(338,154)| 1,23,19,20,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(401,167)| 1,24,7,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(285,138)| 10,25,"Technical Availability (Overseas)",409,274,56,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,26,1,25,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(325,309)| 1,27,18,25,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(334,235)| 1,28,19,25,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(414,228)| 1,29,7,25,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(295,266)| 1,30,20,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(487,103)| 1,31,25,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(531,277)| 10,32,Capacity Utilisation Delay Time,677,433,52,14,8,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,33,32,13,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(612,413)| 10,34,kW to MW,845,394,36,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,35,Electricity Generated by Source,514,332,54,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,36,"Technical Availability (Local)",390,369,54,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,37,25,35,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(454,299)| 1,38,13,35,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(523,376)| 1,39,36,35,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(444,352)| 10,40,Energy Price,631,529,34,16,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,41,40,4,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(571,502)| 10,42,"Proportion of Wind & Solar Produced",736,214,50,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,43,8,42,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(675,178)| 1,44,6,42,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(745,254)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[6] Emissions $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Lifecycle Emission Intensity of Resources,184,150,48,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,2,Current GHG Emissions,255,320,36,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,3,1,2,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(195,221)| 10,4,Desired GHG Emissions,342,572,36,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,5,Relative Social Need for GHG Emissions,137,419,61,22,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 1,6,2,5,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(166,352)| 1,7,4,5,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(161,506)| 10,8,Internal Target for GHG Emissions,566,407,50,28,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,9,48,345,408,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,10,12,8,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(467,409)| 1,11,12,9,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(381,409)| 11,12,48,413,409,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,13,Change in Internal Target,413,431,38,14,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,14,2,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(365,364)| 1,15,8,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(471,492)| 1,16,8,4,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(509,554)| 10,17,Target GHG Adjustment Time,310,474,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,18,17,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(349,430)| 10,19,Effect of Targets for GHG Emissions,584,632,52,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,20,19,4,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(410,626)| 10,21,Electricity Generated by Type,166,229,52,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,22,21,2,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(207,279)| 10,23,kW to MW,301,223,36,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,24,23,2,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(273,262)| 1,25,2,8,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(396,359)| 10,26,Normalized GHG levels,596,543,31,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,27,Target GHG Emissions,740,512,43,16,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,28,8,26,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(609,469)| 1,29,27,26,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(668,527)| 10,30,Table for Normalized GHG on Desired,767,627,55,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,31,26,19,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(612,606)| 1,32,30,19,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(680,628)| 10,33,Lifecycle Emission Intensity by Generator,378,149,58,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,34,1,33,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(269,149)| 10,35,Singapore UN NDC GHG Target,1007,474,52,14,8,3,1,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,36,USD Adjusted Singapore UN NDC Target,858,435,52,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,37,USD to SGD,957,418,34,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,38,35,36,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(939,456)| 1,39,37,36,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(923,422)| 10,40,GDP,890,518,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,41,36,27,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(794,466)| 1,42,40,27,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(832,515)| 10,43,"Initial (2010) GHG from Other Sources",1015,125,67,21,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,44,GHG Emissions from Other Sources,467,210,48,26,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,45,44,2,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(367,234)| 12,46,48,629,213,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,47,49,44,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(540,213)| 1,48,49,46,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(598,213)| 11,49,48,572,213,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,50,Increase in GHG from Other Sources,572,243,45,22,40,131,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,51,44,50,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(538,163)| 10,52,Total Vehicles,735,258,40,20,3,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,53,43,44,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(738,167)| 10,54,"Initial (2010) Number of Vehicles",1042,63,51,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 12,55,48,893,261,10,8,0,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,56,58,52,4,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(799,261)| 1,57,58,55,100,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(859,261)| 11,58,48,829,261,6,8,34,3,1,0,1,0,0,0 10,59,Annual Increase in Vehicles,829,283,42,14,40,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,60,52,59,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(800,213)| 10,61,Annual Growth Rate of Vehicles,924,221,42,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,62,61,59,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(882,248)| 10,63,"Light-Duty Electric Vehicles",732,347,44,23,3,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 12,64,48,894,348,10,8,0,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,65,67,63,4,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(801,348)| 1,66,67,64,100,1,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(861,348)| 11,67,48,833,348,6,8,34,3,1,0,1,0,0,0 10,68,New EV Each Year,833,364,49,8,40,3,1,0,-1,0,0,0 1,69,52,68,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(795,298)| 10,70,EV Annual Growth Rate 2010 to 2030,968,274,50,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,71,70,68,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(871,296)| 10,72,"Non-Electric Vehicles",611,313,43,17,8,131,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,73,52,72,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(653,264)| 1,74,63,72,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(645,349)| 10,75,Average Vehicle Pollution Rate,520,348,43,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 10,76,GHG Emissions from Transport,417,310,42,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,77,72,76,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(520,311)| 1,78,75,76,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(441,333)| 1,79,76,2,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(339,314)| 1,80,54,52,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(898,153)| 10,81,"Proportion of Light-Duty Vehicles",762,417,53,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,82,81,68,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(803,398)| 10,83,EV Annual Growth Rate 2030 Onwards,962,313,51,14,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,84,83,68,1,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(881,318)| 10,85,Time,886,392,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,86,85,68,1,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(832,382)| 10,87,Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives,1009,369,56,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,88,87,68,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(924,366)| 10,89,GDP Growth Rate,710,126,44,14,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,90,89,50,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(650,176)| 10,91,Effected GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources,733,166,59,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,92,91,50,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(666,197)| 10,93,Time,878,186,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,94,93,91,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(831,180)| 10,95,GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources,849,121,59,14,8,3,0,2,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,96,95,91,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(797,140)| 10,97,GHG Target Meeting,887,560,53,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,98,Current GHG Emissions,988,507,39,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,99,27,97,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(815,536)| 1,100,98,97,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(938,533)| 10,101,Year Unit Normalize,740,542,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,102,101,27,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(740,538)| 10,103,Amount Supplied,297,120,37,18,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,104,Actual GHG Emissions,305,220,59,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,105,103,104,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(300,168)| 1,106,44,104,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(398,213)| 1,107,76,104,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(362,266)| 1,108,33,104,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(343,182)| 10,109,kW to MW,224,100,27,18,8,130,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,110,109,104,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(263,159)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[7] Energy Security $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Total Supply,134,106,40,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,2,"Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)",357,185,57,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,3,"Internal Target for EDI (ITEDI)",625,319,62,33,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,4,48,360,313,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,5,7,3,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(517,313)| 1,6,7,4,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(415,313)| 11,7,48,466,313,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,8,Change in ITEDI,466,335,44,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,9,2,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(443,239)| 1,10,3,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(492,361)| 10,11,EDI Adjustment Time,400,398,42,16,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,12,11,8,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(404,352)| 10,13,Desired State for EDI,384,442,54,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,14,3,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(555,410)| 10,15,Relative Social Need for Energy Diversity,176,318,62,24,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,16,2,15,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(212,217)| 1,17,13,15,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(226,397)| 10,18,Reference Energy Diversity Index,802,409,46,14,8,3,0,18,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12|S|0-0-255 10,19,Electricity Generated by Type,144,178,52,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,20,Proportion Per Generating Type,248,139,43,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,21,19,20,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(188,160)| 1,22,1,20,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(176,118)| 1,23,20,2,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(295,159)| 1,24,2,3,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(467,240)| 10,25,Effect of Normalized EDI on Desired State for EDI,598,496,64,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,26,25,13,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(473,487)| 10,27,Normalized EDI,650,409,42,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,28,3,27,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(658,364)| 1,29,18,27,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(731,409)| 1,30,27,25,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(651,422)| 10,31,Table for Normalized EDI on Desired,782,494,55,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,32,31,25,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(701,494)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[8] Energy Related Jobs $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Electricity Generated by Type,272,102,52,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,2,Job Creation Reference Data,723,203,40,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,3,"Gross Jobs Created (GJC)",434,156,38,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,4,1,3,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(354,108)| 1,5,2,3,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(587,176)| 10,6,Targets for GJC,704,311,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,7,48,450,318,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,8,10,6,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(616,318)| 1,9,10,7,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(508,318)| 11,10,48,562,318,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,11,Change in NJC,562,334,39,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,12,Adjustment Time for NJC,464,397,45,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,13,12,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(493,346)| 1,14,3,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(530,203)| 10,15,Desired GJC,452,520,33,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,16,6,11,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(636,381)| 1,17,6,15,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(668,415)| 10,18,Relative Social Need for Energy Job Creation,257,334,62,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 1,19,3,18,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(331,194)| 1,20,15,18,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(332,483)| 10,21,Effect of Policy Targets on Job Creation,741,513,60,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,22,21,15,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(593,522)| 1,23,3,6,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(557,227)| 10,24,MW to GW,773,141,31,8,8,3,1,0,0,0,0,0 1,25,24,3,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(613,147)| 10,26,Reference GJC,929,412,39,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,27,Normalized GJC,765,410,43,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,28,6,27,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(734,360)| 1,29,27,21,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(755,451)| 1,30,26,27,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(855,411)| 10,31,Table for Normalized GJC,914,508,44,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,32,31,21,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(842,509)| 10,33,Total Supply,977,327,40,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,34,33,26,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(956,363)| 1,35,2,26,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(823,305)| 1,36,24,26,1,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(852,265)| 10,37,Target for Renewable Proportion,889,270,56,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 1,38,37,26,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(907,336)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[9] Social Needs $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,"Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)",678,185,47,28,3,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,2,48,448,180,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,3,5,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(590,180)| 1,4,5,2,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(498,180)| 11,5,48,544,180,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,Change in CSN,544,196,40,8,40,3,0,2,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-128-0 10,7,"Current Total Social Needs (SN)",540,300,52,14,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,8,7,6,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(541,251)| 10,9,Discount Factor,692,242,41,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,10,9,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(614,236)| 10,11,INITIAL TIME,854,234,47,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,12,Time,856,273,21,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,13,"Rate of Time Preference (RTP)",790,199,45,14,8,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,14,Relative Social Need for GHG Emissions,464,398,67,21,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,15,Relative Social Need for Energy Diversity,610,398,58,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,16,13,9,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(740,220)| 1,17,11,9,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(776,237)| 1,18,12,9,0,1,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(790,260)| 10,19,Relative Social Need for Energy Job Creation,746,444,66,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,20,Relative Social Need for DSB,342,440,43,14,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,21,7,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(594,253)| 10,22,Delay in Recognizing Social Needs,369,216,50,21,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,23,20,7,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(403,330)| 1,24,14,7,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(500,351)| 1,25,15,7,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(579,354)| 1,26,19,7,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(666,337)| 1,27,22,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(474,226)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *[10] Policy $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,75,0 10,1,"Policy: Carbon Tax Rate (CTR)",374,415,47,25,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 12,2,48,106,409,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,3,5,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(277,409)| 1,4,5,2,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(165,409)| 11,5,48,221,409,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,Change in CTR,221,438,40,8,40,131,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,7,Desired CTR,360,529,34,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,8,1,7,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(401,477)| 1,9,7,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(239,498)| 1,10,1,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(308,461)| 10,11,CTR Adjustment Time,124,507,57,8,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,12,11,6,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(150,450)| 10,13,"Policy: Renewables Approvals Rate Impact (RARI)",1018,51,57,28,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 12,14,48,732,53,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,15,17,13,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(909,53)| 1,16,17,14,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(793,53)| 11,17,48,851,53,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,18,Change in RARI,851,75,43,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,19,13,18,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(924,100)| 10,20,Desired RARI,964,192,37,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,21,13,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1035,125)| 1,22,20,18,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(866,154)| 10,23,Change in RARI Adjusment Time,750,142,44,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,24,23,18,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(780,102)| 10,25,"Policy: Boost Infrastructure Investment (BII)",1056,421,60,27,3,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||64-160-98 12,26,48,745,426,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,27,29,25,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(938,426)| 1,28,29,26,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(812,426)| 11,29,48,875,426,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,30,Change in BII,875,442,36,8,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,31,BII Adjustment Time,764,492,53,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,32,Desired BII,937,545,30,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,33,25,30,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(966,477)| 1,34,32,30,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(882,496)| 1,35,31,30,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(801,451)| 1,36,25,32,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1048,492)| 10,37,"Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)",371,612,61,21,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,38,"Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)",925,617,61,21,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,39,"Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)",975,201,61,21,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,40,"Cumulative Social Needs (CSN)",346,202,61,21,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 10,41,Effect of CSN on BII,1003,618,53,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,42,41,32,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(974,586)| 10,43,Effect of CSN on RARI,982,269,60,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,44,43,20,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(956,229)| 10,45,Effect of CSN on CTR,396,603,57,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,46,45,7,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(381,572)| 10,47,Table for CSN on CTR,562,660,58,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,48,47,45,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(471,651)| 10,49,Table for CSN on BII,1163,681,54,8,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,50,49,41,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1075,675)| 10,51,Table for CSN on RARI,1164,299,38,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,52,51,43,1,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1056,304)| 10,53,Change in CSN,626,593,47,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,54,53,45,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(522,597)| 10,55,Change in CSN,1207,627,47,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 10,56,Change in CSN,1176,231,47,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||255-128-0 1,57,56,43,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1085,248)| 1,58,55,41,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1114,622)| 10,59,Additional Carbon Tax Adjustment Rate,323,757,65,19,8,131,0,2,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|12||0-0-255 10,60,Year Unit Normalize,943,657,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,61,60,41,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(966,641)| 10,62,Year Unit Normalize,982,291,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,63,62,43,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(982,287)| 10,64,Year Unit Normalize,427,707,59,8,8,2,1,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,65,64,45,0,1,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(413,661)| 10,66,Carbon Tax Adjustment after Implementation,298,660,61,14,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,67,66,45,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(345,632)| 1,68,59,66,0,0,0,0,0,128,0,-1--1--1,,1|(311,712)| 10,69,Time,202,693,21,8,8,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12||128-128-128 1,70,69,66,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(233,682)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *Dashboard $192-192-192,0,Times New Roman|22||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 12,1,2084854076,852,176,642,141,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Energy_Price 12,2,2084854080,515,509,310,169,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Local_Capacity 12,3,2084854088,1164,503,329,171,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Overseas_Capacity 12,4,2084854092,1759,73,207,41,3,252,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|20||0-0-0 Peak Demand to Average Demand Ratio,0,0.5,0.05 12,5,2084854112,513,1204,310,176,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Proportion_of_Renewables 12,6,2084854116,1765,348,220,53,3,252,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|20||0-0-0 Year When Overseas Generators are Allowed,2025,2100,0 12,7,2084854136,1760,208,222,60,3,252,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|20||0-0-0 Final Proportion of Capacity Allowed Overseas,0,0.5,0.05 12,8,2084854144,1761,477,212,40,3,252,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|20||0-0-0 Duration to Achieve Overseas Capacity,0,20,1 12,9,2084854160,1292,850,199,162,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Energy_Diversity_Index 12,10,2084854164,855,847,222,164,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Emissions 12,11,2084854168,1169,1200,326,173,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Job_Creation 12,12,2084854172,2229,79,220,41,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 "Rate of Time Preference (RTP)",0,0.03,0.005 12,13,2084854180,1764,614,229,52,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Reference Energy Diversity Index,1000,10000,500 12,14,2084854192,2238,471,227,49,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Singapore UN NDC GHG Target,0,120,10 12,15,2084854200,1762,755,241,45,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Additional Carbon Tax Adjustment Rate,0,1,0.05 12,16,2084854208,2231,204,223,41,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Future Proportion of GDP for Electricity Infrastructure,0.003,0.015,0.001 12,17,2084854216,411,850,206,169,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Demand_Supply_Graphs 12,18,2084854220,2239,620,231,43,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Level of Energy Efficiency Intiatives,0,1,0 12,19,2084854228,2247,753,229,43,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 #Fuel Price (with Noise)>RANDOM PINK NOISE>updating pink noise#,0,1,0.05 12,20,2084854236,2228,321,229,39,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 Delay in Recognizing Social Needs,1,4,0.5 12,21,2084854244,1749,873,231,34,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 EIA AEO Forecast Rate,0.004,0.032,0.002 12,22,2084854252,2242,869,234,35,3,252,0,0,0,0,0,0 GHG Curtailment Rate for Other Sources,0,1,0.05 12,23,2084854260,1758,979,230,30,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||64-160-98 Resource Limits[Local Natural Gas Fired],5000,20000,0 12,24,2084854268,1756,1083,233,31,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||64-160-98 Resource Limits[Local Solar PV],0.01,5000,0 12,25,2084854276,1755,1189,237,33,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||64-160-98 Resource Limits[Local Waste to Energy],0.01,3000,0 12,26,2084854284,2240,980,236,37,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||0-0-0 Resource Limits[Overseas Geothermal],0,2600,0 12,27,2084854292,2239,1076,242,31,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||0-0-0 Resource Limits[Overseas Hydro],0,10000,0 12,28,2084854300,2244,1183,235,29,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||0-0-0 Resource Limits[Overseas Onshore Wind],0,800,0 12,29,2084854308,2239,1288,236,30,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||0-0-0 Resource Limits[Overseas Solar PV],0,29000,0 12,30,2084854316,1749,1288,235,31,3,252,0,1,0,0,0,0,0-128-0,0-0-0,|22||0-0-0 Resource Limits[Overseas Nuclear],0.01,10000,0 ///---\\\ :GRAPH Demand_Supply_Graphs :TITLE Demand: Supply :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Current Peak Demand to Capacity Ratio|Peak Demand: Capacity :UNITS Dmnl :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 2 :VAR Basic Demand Supply Ratio|Basic Demand: Supply :GRAPH Energy_Diversity_Index :TITLE Energy Diversity Index (HHI) :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR "Current Energy Diversity Index (EDI)"|Current :UNITS Dmnl :VAR Reference Energy Diversity Index|Reference :GRAPH Energy_Price :TITLE Energy Price :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Energy Price|Enegy Price :UNITS USD/MWh :SCALE :VAR Relative Energy Price to GDP|Energy Price:GDP Ratio :UNITS % :GRAPH Local_Capacity :TITLE Local Installed Capacity :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Local Installed Capacity[Local Natural Gas Fired]|Local Natural Gas Fired :UNITS MW :VAR Local Installed Capacity[Local Solar PV]|Local Solar PV :VAR Local Installed Capacity[Local Waste to Energy]|Local Waste to Energy :GRAPH Overseas_Capacity :TITLE Overseas Installed Capacity :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Geothermal]|Overseas Geothermal :UNITS MW :VAR Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Hydro]|Overseas Hydro :VAR Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Onshore Wind]|Overseas Onshore Wind :VAR Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Solar PV]|Overseas Solar PV :VAR Overseas Installed Capacity[Overseas Nuclear]|Overseas Nuclear :GRAPH Proportion_of_Renewables :TITLE Proportion of Renewables :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Renewable Electricity Proportion|Actual Solar + Wind + Hydro + Geo :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 1 :VAR "Solar + Wind"|Actual Solar + Wind :VAR "Desired Non-Baseload Renewable Energy Proportion"|Desired Solar + Wind :VAR Target for Renewable Proportion|Desired Solar + Wind + Hydro + Geo :GRAPH Emissions :TITLE CO2 Emissions :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR Current GHG Emissions|Current Emission :VAR Target GHG Emissions|Target Emission :GRAPH Job_Creation :TITLE Energy Related Jobs :X-AXIS Time :X-LABEL Year :X-MIN 2010 :X-MAX 2100 :SCALE :VAR "Gross Jobs Created (GJC)"|Current Jobs Created :VAR Reference GJC|Target Jobs Created :L<%^E!@ 1:Test39.vdf 1:Test38.vdf 1:Test37.vdf 1:Test36.vdf 9:Test39 23:0 18:Detailed Singapore Model Sensitivity (MultiVar).vsc 20:Detailed Singapore Model (Test).lst 15:0,0,0,0,0,0 19:5,0 27:2, 34:0, 4:Time 5:Amount Supplied[Generator] 35:Date 36:YYYY-MM-DD 37:2010 38:1 39:1 40:2 41:0 42:0 24:2010 25:2100 26:2100 60:/Users/Jude/Desktop/Sensitivity.tab 61:1252 62:0 63:0 64:0 65:1 66:0 67:1 68:0 69:0 70:1 6:Buildings 6:Commercial GHG 6:Geothermal 6:Household 6:Hydro 6:Industry 6:Industry GHG 6:Local Natural Gas Fired 6:Local Solar PV 6:Local Waste to Energy 6:Natural Gas Fired 6:Nuclear 6:Onshore Wind 6:Others 6:Overseas Geothermal 6:Overseas Hydro 6:Overseas Nuclear 6:Overseas Onshore Wind 6:Overseas Solar PV 6:pextra 6:ppriority 6:ptype 6:pwidth 6:Residential GHG 6:Solar PV 6:Total Demand 6:Transport 6:Waste to Energy